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Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  peiiiculie 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  inl(  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I     I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


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along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serrde  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
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II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouttes 
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Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires; 


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modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 


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D 
D 
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Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurtes  et/ou  pellicultes 

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Pages  dicolortos,  tachet6es  ou  piqu6es 

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r~y  Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  indgale  de  i'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
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Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
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The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thank* 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Thomat  Flihcr  Rare  Boole  Library, 
Univanity  of  Toronto  Library 

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possible  considering  the  condition  end  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  In  keeping  with  the 
filming  contrect  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  Impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  Impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


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L'exemplaire  fiimi  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAnirositA  de: 

Thomat  Fiihar  Rare  Book  Library, 
Univanity  of  Toronto  Library 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  M  reproduites  avec  le 
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de  le  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fiimage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
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par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
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d'Impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  ces.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commengant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shell  contain  the  symbol  -^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meening  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  te  symbols  -^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


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required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


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A  CATECHISM 


OK 


THE  THIKTY-NINB  AKTICLES 


OF  THB 


€\m\  0f  (B^W^. 


BY  THB 


REV.  JAMES  BEAVEN,  D.  D., 

PBOFBBBOB    OF    DIVINITY   IN    KINOES    OOLLBOB,    TOBONTO; 
▲  UTHOB    OF    "A   UBLP    TO    OATEOUIZINO,''    BTO. 


WITH  ADDITIONS  AND   ALTERATIONS 

ADAFnNO  IT  TO  THE  BOOK  OF  COMMON  PRATEB 

OF  THE  PKOTF^TANT  EPISCOPAL   OHUBOH 

IN  THB  UNITED  STATES. 


GENERAL  PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  SUNDAY  SCHOOL  UNION, 


AND 


CHURCH  BOOK  SOCIETY. 

637   BROADWAY. 
1865. 


t,',' 


ti>>» 


T 


.:■       V    ■!, 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congresg,  in  the  year  1863, 

By  John  W.  MrrcHKLi., 

(as  Treasnrer  of  The  General  Protestant  Episcopal  S.  S.  Union,) 

In  tho  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Soutbem 

District  of  New  York, 


'■'A 


V-!:^'> 


*».        .         -A 


*». 


•v; 


VMli^ 


<"• 


.  'f 


.'•■;■     t 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


,) 

Southeia 


The  present  work  has  been  adapted  from 
the  English  edition  to  the  position  and  cir- 
cumstances of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 
in  the  United  States ;  and  it  is  hoped  will  be 
found  to  be  of  essential  service  in  promoting 
an  acquaintance  with,  and  more  general  ap- 
preciation of,  that  part  of  our  standards  of 
which  it  treats.  It  is  commended  to  Church- 
men with  the  more  confidence  in  consequence 
of  its  having  enjoyed^ the  benefit  oLj^reful 
revision  and  improvement  by  the  Jparn^; 
author  during  its  progress  through  tlie 


J*   At  D* 


Nbw  Yobk,  Mv.  latf  1852. 


^         <»  "ij 


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■■*V A   "•  >-w 


/A'^-Tii.  *. 


iP^-- 


A   CATECHISM 


ON 


THE  THIRTY-NINE  ARTICLES. 


:'A 


''  -i  • 


.   '1' 


INTRODUCTION.  ^       - 

For  "what  purpose  were  the  Articles  of  Religion 
drawn  up?  ^  '  f  v 

"  For  the  avoiding  of  diversities  of  opinion,  ;;nd 
for  establishing  of  consent  touching  true  religion," 

Express  this  in  other  words. 

They  were  made  in  order  to  avoid,  or  do  away 
with,  differences  of  opinion  in  religion,  and  to  cause 
persons  to  agree  in  holding  the  truth. 

How  is  this  done  in  these  Articles  ? 

Partly  by  laying  down  the  truth  we  are  to  hold 
fast,  and  partly  by  pointing;  out  the  errors  we  are 
to  avoid.  %  y^  i;     ;  ^ 

By  whom  were  these  Articles  first  agreed  upon  ? 
By  the  archbishops  and  bishops  of  both  provinces 
in  England,  and  by  the  whole  clergy. 

What  do  you  mean  by  "  both  provinces  1" 
England  is  divided,  for  purposes  connected  with 

1* 


e 


INTRODUCTION. 


the  Church,  into  two  provinces,  that  of  Canterbury 
and  that  of  York ;  of  which  the  archbishops  of  Can. 
terbury  and  York  are  the  governors. 

What  is  an  archbishop  ? 

A  bishop  who  is  placed  over  other  bishops. 

Where  and  when  did  the  archbishops,  bishops, 
and  clergy  agree  to  these  Articles  1 

"  In  the  convocation  h  olden  at  London  in  the  year 
1562."  .    ' 

What  is  a  convocation? 

A  synod  or  meeting  of  the  bishops  and  clergy  of  ' 
the  provinces.     • 

How  could  the  whole  clergy  meet  together  to 
agree  to  these  Artides  1  • 

The  clergy  of  each  diocese  met  together  before- 
hand, and  sent  deputies  to  speak  for  them  at  the 
convocation. 

What  do  you  mean  by  a  diocese? 

A  portion  of  country  under  the  government  of 
one  bishop.  „   ^.,    -.  j     ,.>♦-, 

Were  the  articles  originally  published  only  by 
the  authority  of  the  bishops  and  clergy  ?     .  f- 

No :  they  were  also  assented  to  by  Elizabeth,  the 
queen  of  England  at  the  time,  and  published  by  her 
authority. 

What  further  authority  have  they  since  received 
as  regards  the  Church  of  England  ?  -  , 

An  act  of  parliament  requires  the  clergy  of  that 
Church  to  subscribe  them.  .^:    . 


INTRODUCTION. 


Canterbury 
hops  of  Can. 


lops. 

ps,   bishops, 

in  the  year 


d  clergy  of 

together  to 

her  before- 
lem  at  the 

■     K 

mment  of 
i  only  by 

:abeth,  the 
ed  by  her 

i  received 
jy  of  that 


By  what  authority  were  the  Articles,  as  contained 
in  the  Praycr-Book,  set  forth  in  America  ? 

They  were  "  established  by  the  bishops,  clergy, 
and  laity  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the 
United  States  of  America,  in  convention." 

When  was  this  done? 

On  the  twelfth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  1801.  \    '*- 

Are  the  laity  required  to  subscribe  to  the  thirty- 
nine  Articles  1 

The  Church  does  not  make  any  such  demand  upon 
her  lay  members. 

How  many  Articles  are  there  ? 

Thirty-nine. 

Into  what  parts  may  you  conveniently  divide 
them  ? 

Into  five  parts.  -r 

Give  the  subjects  of  the  five  parts.  *  ' 

1.  On  the  doctrine  concerning  God.      -    ''.■■■■.-    ' 

2.  On  the  rule  of  faith.  .>  ;  r.^;  /^^ 

3.  On  the  spiritual  condition  of  man.    >  ' ' 

4.  On  the  Church  and  its  ordinances.  '^ 

5.  On  the  civil  duties  of  members  of  the  Church. 


«  J<-  .s,->^ 


"-<"■"•<- 


CATE0HI8M    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


,  ».< ' 


PART  I. 

■ 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  first  part  1 
On  the  doctrhie  concern hig  GodT 
What  Articles  does  it  comprise  ] 
The  first  five. 


'-■*^^i;.;'" 


Article  I. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  first  Article  ?  > 

"  Faith  in  the  Holy  Trinity."  ^  ,  -. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  Trinity  ?      V 

Threefoldness,  or  subsistence  in  Three  Persons. 

What  do  you  mean  by  "  the  Holy  Trinity  1"  ^ 

The  Three  Persons  in  One  God. 

What  does  this  Article  teach  concerning  the  one 
Godi 

"  There  is  but  one  living  and  true  God,  everlasting, 
without  body,  parts,  or  passions ;  of  infinite  power, 
wisdom,  and  goodness ;  the  Maker,  and  Preserver  of 
all  things  both  visible  and  invisible.  And  in  unity 
of  this  Godhead  there  be  Three  Persons,  of  one  sub- 
stance, power,  and  eternity ;  the  Father,  the  Son,  and 
the  Holy  Ghost."  ' 

Do  we  know  the  certainty  that  there  is  but  one 
living  and  true  God  from  natural  reason  or  from 
revelation?  '  •  r 

From  revelation.  »     ^      * 


ARTICLE    I.     ^ 


ling  the  one 


■' 


But  may  we  not  ascertain  it  by  reason  1 

Wo  may  find  strong  reason  for  believing  it,  but 
■we  do  not  absolutely  know  it. 

Prove  it  from  Scripture. 

Deut.  iv.  39;  Isa.  xlv.  18;  Jer.  x.  10,  first 
part. 

What  further  proof  is  there  ? 
'  The  whole  history  of  the  Israelitish  nation  until  the 
time  of  Christ  was  intended  by  Almighty  God  to  im- 
press it  upon  men's  minds. 

Why  was  so  much  labour  requisite  to  establish  it  1 

Because  the  ignorance  and  sinfulness  of  men  led 
them  to  make  gods  of  inferior  beings. 

What  is  meant  when  you  say  that  God  is  "  ever- 
lasting V 

That  He  never  had  a  beginning  and  will  never 
have  an  end. 

Prove  this  from^  Scripture. 

Ps.  xc.  2 ;  Isa.  xli.  4. 

What  ground  of  natural  reason  is  tjiere  for  con- 
cluding that  God  is  "  without  body  ?"  > 

If  He  had  a  body,  He  must  be  limited  and  confined 
in  space,  and  consequently  could  not  be  present  and 
acting  every  where  at  the  same  time. 

Show  that  it  is  taught  in  Scripture  that  God  is 
without  body. 

We  are  told  in  St.  John  iv.  24,  that  "  God  is  a  '' 
spirit,"  and  in  St.  Luke  xxiv.  39,  that  "  a  spirit  hath 
not  flesh  and  bones."  .    • 


m 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


What  do  you  mean  when  you  say  that  He  is 
"without  parts?"     • 

That  He  cannot  be  divided  into  different  por- 
tions. 

How  does  this  appear  to  be  true  ?         .     ,.  ,,^ 

It  follows  from  His  having  no  body. 

How  does  this  agree  ^vith  those  passages  of  Holy 
Scripture  in  which  the  eye,  the  arm,  the  feet,  &c.,  of 
God,  are  spoken  of  ?  ♦ 

This  is  only  a  figurative  manner  of  speaking,  em- 
ployed to  convey  certain  ideas  more  perfectly  to  our 
minds. 

What  do  you  mean  by  saying  that  He  is  "  without 
passions "?" 

That  He  cannot  be  wrought  upon  or  changed  by 
any  other  being. 

How  does  that  appear  ? 

Because  He  could  not  be  the  sovereign  Ruler  and 
Director  of  all  things,  if  He  were  liable  to  be  wrought 
upon  or  changed  by  any  thing  else. 

Show  from  Scripture  that  God  is  unchangeable. 

St.  James  i.  17.  "With  Him  is  no  variableness, 
neither  shadow  of  turning." 

Why  then  is  God  spoken  of  as  being  angry  or 
grieved,  &;c.  ? 

Because  the  truth  could  not  have  been  in  any  de- 
gree made  known  to  us,  except  by  laiiguage  drawn 
from  our  own  manner  of  feeling  and  acting. 

Prove  from  Scripture  that  God  is  of  infinite  power. 


sea. 


s. 


--/■ 


ARTICLE    I. 


T  that  He  1 


IS 


iifferent  por- 


.-  ../ 


ages  of  Holy 
feet,  &c.,  of    I 

speaking,  em- 
rfectly  to  our  | 

e  is  "  without 

'  changed  by    I 


gn  Ruler  and 
0  be  wrought 

hangeable. 
variableness, 

ng  angry  or 

'n  in  any  de- 
guage  drawn 
ing. 
ifinite  power. 


St.  Matt.  xix.  26.  "  With  God  all  things  are  pos- 
sible." 

Prove  that  He  is  of  infinite  wisdom.  -     ' . 

Ps.  cxlvii.  5. 

Prove  that  His  goodness  is  infinite. 

St.  Luke  xviii.  19.  "None  is  good,  save  One, that 
is,  God:"  that  is,  the  goodness  of  God  is  perfect, 
whilst  that  of  all  other  beings  is  imperfect. 

In  what  sense  is  God  the  Maker  of  all  things  ? 

He  made  all  things  out  of  nothing. 

Prove  this. 

Rom.  xi.  36 ;  Acts  xiv.  15 ;  Heb.  xi.  3.  "  All 
things  are  of  Him,  the  heaven,  the  earth,  and  the 
sea,  and  all  things  that  are  therein ;"  and  "  the  things 
which  are  were  not  made  of  things  that  do  appear." 

Prove  that  He  preserves  all  things.      '  "  ' ' 

Ps.  xxxvi.  6;  Job  xii.  10.  "He  preserveth  both 
man  and  beast ;"  and  "  in  His  hand  is  the  soul  of 
every  living  thing,  and  the  breath  of  all  mankind." 

What  do  you  mean  by  "  the  unity  of  the  God- 
head?" 

The  oneness  of  the  nature  of  God. 

What  statement  is  made  on  this  article  concern- 
ing the  Holy  Trinity  % 

"  In  unity  of  this  Godhead  there  be  Three  Per- 
sons, of  one  substance,  power,  and  eternity ;  the 
Father,  the  Son,  and  the  Holy  Ghost."        ^    :    ^  =,- 

What  is  meant  by  saying  that  the  Three  Persons 
are  in  the  unity  of  this  Godhead?  *     '  '   "•      ' 


n^ 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 

That  they  are  therefore  one  God,  or  that  they  are 
united  in  this  Divine  nature 

In  what  respect  are  they  one  1 

They  are  "  of  one  substance,  power,  and  eternity." 

Mention  some  passages  of  Scripture  in  which  the 
Holy  Trinity  is  spoken  of. 

Isa.  vi.  3 ;  St.  Matt,  xxviii.  19 ;  2  Cor.  xiii.  14. 

Show  that  the  Persons  of  the  Holy  Trinity  are  of 
one  substance.  < 

In  the  Institution  of  Holy  Baptism  divine  honour 
is  equally  paid  to  all  ;  and  St.  Paul  (2  Cor.  xiii.) 
prays  for  divine  blessings  equally  from  all :  and  if 
they  are  thus  equal  m  honour,  they  must  be  equal  in 
substance  or  essential  nature. 

Show  that  they  are  of  one  power  and  eternity. 

St.  Paul  prays  for  divine  blessings  from  all  equally, 
and  that  "  for  evermore :"  now  if  they  can  equally 
impart  spiritual  blessings,  and  that  for  evermore,  they 
must  be  of  one  power  and  eternity.  ,- 


the 


'f 


Article  II. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  second  Article  ? 

"  The  Word  or  Son  of  God,  which  was  made  very 


man. 


?) 


H      What  is  the  meaning  of  "  very  man  ■?" 
Real  man. 

Prove  that  the  Son  of  God  and  the  Word  of  God 
are  the  same.  ... 


ARTICLE   TI. 


13 


:^ 


Compare  St.  John  i.  3,  with  Heb.  i.  2,  by  which 
it  appears  that  the  Word  and  the  Son  equally  made 
the  world.  ..  . 

Prove  that  He  was  "  begotten  from  everlasting  of 
the  Father."  v_  •  --^     -  v      =       ,.^  v 

St.  John  i.  1 ;  Col.  i.  lVl7  ;  Micah  v.  2. 

He  was  "  in  the  beginning  with  God,"  "  before  all 
things  that  were  created  :"  and  "  His  goings  forth 
have  been  of  old,  from  everlasting." 

What  do  you  mean  by  saying  that  He  is  "  very 

God  r 

That  ETe  is  God  in  the  fullest  sense.  '" 

Prove  it  from  Scripture.  * 

Col.  i.  16,  17  ;  Heb.  i.  3  ;  Rev.  xxii.  13.  He  is 
"  before  all  things,  and  by  Him  all  things  consist ;  all 
things  were  created  by  Him  and  for  Him  ;"  "  He  up- 
holdeth  all  things  by  the  word  of  His  power  ;"  He  is 
"  the  beginning  and  the  ending,  the  first  and  the  last." 

Prove  that  He  is  "  eternal  God." 

Rev.  i.  17,  18;  xxii.  13. 

Prove  that  He  is  "  of  one  substance  with  the 
Father." 

It  would  follow  from  His  being  the  Son. 

Prove  it  from  Holy  Scripture. 

Col.  i.  15  ;  Heb.  i.  3 ;  St.  John  x.  30 ;  xiv.  9-11. 
He  is  "the  image  of  the  invisible  God,"  "  the  bright- 
ness of  His  glory,  and  the  express  image  of  His  per- 
son;" he  that  hath  seen  Him  hath  seen  the  Father  j 
He  and  the  Father  are  one. 

2 


14 


CATECHISM   ON   THE    ARTICLES. 


!| 


Prove  that  the  Word  or  Son  of  God  took  man's 
nature. 

St.  John  i.  14 ;  Phil.  ii.  6-8. 

Prove  that  He  did  this  "  in  the  womb  of  the  Vir- 
gin Mary  and  of  her  substance." 

St.  Lukei.  31,  32;  Gal.  iv.  4. 

Prove  that  the  Word  of  God,  when  made  man, 
had  the  whole  and  perfect  nature  of  God.    >■■■■       ...    '. 

Col.  ii.  9.  "  In  Him  dwelleth  all  the  fulness  of 
the  Godhead." 

Prove  that  He  had  likewise  the  whole  and  perfect 
nature  of  man. 

Heb.  ii.  16, 17.  "  In  all  things  it  behoved  Him  to 
be  made  like  unto  His  brethren." 

Prove  that  "  the  Godhead  and  manhood  were 
joined  in  one  Person."        -  .       , 

Phil.  ii.  6,  7  ;  Col.  i.  14,  17  ;  Heb.  i.  8,  9.  It  is 
the  same  Person,  who  "  was  in  the  form  of  God  and 
thought  it  not  robbery  to  be  equal  with  God,"  that 
"  was  made  in  the  likeness  of  man  and  became  obe- 
dient unto  death :"  the  same  "  by  whom  all  things 
consist,"  and  in  whose  "  blood  we  have  redemption ;" 
the  same  "  whose  throne  is  for  ever  and  ever,  and 
who  hath  God  for  His  God.'! 

Prove  that  this  Person  is  never  to  be  divided. 

Eev.  i.  17,  18.  "  He  liveth  and  was  dead,  and  is 
alive  for  evermore." 

Prove  that,  thus  united,  the  two  natures  make  one 
Christ.       ^^    -  -■.-:  -  :.  ■   •;>'■    -" 


ARTICLE    II. 


15 


took  man's 


•i  <-*-. .; 


)  of  the  Vir- 


made  man 
fulness  of 


and  perfect 


ved  Him  to 


ihood 


were 


8,  9.  It  is 
of  God  and 
God,"  that 
»ecame  obe- 
i  all  things 
demption ;" 
1  ever,  and 

livided. 
lead,  and  is 

s  make  one 


.1 


Rom.  ix.  5.     Of  the  Israelites  *'  as  concerning  the 
flesh  Christ  came,  who  is  over  all,  God  blessed  for 


5) 


ever. 

Why  is  it  stated  that  He  truly  suffered,  &c.  ? 

Because  some  taught  that  He  suffered  only  in  ap- 
pearance: 

How  do  we  know  that  they  were  deceivers  ?    '•* ' 

Because  we  have  the  testimony  of  eye-witnesses  to 
the  reality  of  His  sufferings,  dec.  *^ 

Who  are  they?  ^  '^^ 

All  the  Apostles,  (Acts  ii.  14, 23,)  and  particularly 
St.  Matthew,  St.  John,  and  St.  Peter.  • 

For  what  purpose  did  He  suffer  ? 

"  To  reconcile  us  to  His  Father."  '^* 

How  so  1 

By  being  "  a  sacrifice,  not  only  for  original  guilt, 
but  also  for  actual  sins  of  men." 

What  do  you  understand  here  by  a  sacrifice  ? 

An  offering  made  to  God  to  remove  His  dis- 
pleasure.   -  !     ' 

What  is  "  original  guilt  f 

The  guilt  of  the  evil  disposition  with  which  we  are 
all  born. 

What  are  "  actual  sins  ?"  •* 

The  sins  which  we  have  done  ourselves. 

Prove  that  the  death  of  our  Lord  was  a  sacrifice 
offered  to  the  Father. 

Eph.  V.  2 ;  Heb.  ix.  12.  "  Christ  loved  us,  and 
Himself  for  us  an  offerms  and  a  sacrifice 


given 


;mg 


16 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


■   ■  § 


unto  God  :"  and  "  by  11  is  own  blood  lie  entered  in 
once  into  the  holy  place,  having  obtained  eternal  re- 
demption for  us." 

Prove  that  He  was  a  sacrifice  for  our  original 
guilt. 

Rom.  V.  12,  14, 18 ;  Phil.  ii.  8.     "  As  by  one  man 

sin  entered  into  the  world,  and  death  by  sin,  even  so 

,  by  the  righteousness  of  One  the  free  gift  came  upon 

all  men  unto  justification  of  life."    For  "  He  became 

obedient  unto  death,  even  the  death  of  the  cross." 

Prove  that  He  was  a  sacrifice  for  actual  sins. 

Isa.  liii.  5,  6;  1  St.  John  ii.  1,  2.  :    *    - 

Prove  that  He  became  a  sacrifice  to  reconcile  u» 
to  His  Father.        ,  - 

Rom.  V.  10.  "We  were  reconciled  to  God  by  the 
death  of  His  Son." 

-    "'  ■  ■■'■•-'  ■ 

;      -  Article  III. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  third  Article? 

"The  going  down  of  Christ  into  hell."  ;  '• 

In  what  sense  was  Christ  dead  and  buried  for  us  ? 

He  died  in  order  that  He  might  undergo  in  our 
behalf  the  punishment  due  to  sin ;  and  He  was 
buried  in  order  that  the  fact  of  His  death  might  be 
placed  beyond  dispute.   •  i., 

Why  was  this  important? 

In  order  that  we  might  have  the  surest  reliance  on 
the  reality  of  His  resurrection  and  atonement. 


E8. 

He  entered  in 
led  eternal  re- 


•  our  original  f 


s  by  one  man 
y  sin,  even  so  ^ 
ift  came  upon 
"He  became 
the  cross." 
tual  sins.  : 

reconcile  ua 
0  God  by  the 


ARTICLE    III. 


17 


cle?      ,  '  . 

Jried  for  us  ? 
dergo  in  our 
lid  He  was 
ith  might  be 


i  reliance  on 
ment.        -j 


.<Vi 


I 


What  is  the  force  of  the  "as"  and  "  so  also"  in 
this  Article  1 

It  shows  that  His  going  down  into  hell  is  of  simi- 
lar importance  to  His  death  and  burial. 

What  is  meant  by  "  hell "  in  this  Article  ? 

"  The  place  of  departed  spirits ;"  which  the  Church 
in  the  United  States  allows  to  be  used  as  an  equiva- 
lent expression. 

How  do  you  prove  that  Jesus  went  down  into 
hell?  .  ? 

St.  Peter  (Acts  ii.  31)  says,  concerning  Jesus, 
that  "  His  soul  was  not  le/i  in  hell ;"  which  of  course 
implies  that  He  went  thither.  ■       '  ■^' 

Show  that  the  phrase  "  went  down"  is  scriptural  in 
relation  to  this  subject. 

Eph.  iv.  9. 

For  what  reason  is  it  important  to  believe  that 
Christ  descended  into  hell  ? 

Because  otherwise  His  soul  would  not  have  under- 
gone the  full  penalty  of  sin,  nor  would  He  have 
passed  through  all  that  mankind  are  destined  to. 
Moreover,  it  was  needful  that  He  should  go  and  pro- 
claim to  "  the  spirits  in  prison"  the  fact  of  His  triumph 
over  death.     (1  St.  Peter  iii.  19.) 

Give  another  reason. 

Because  if  we  believe  that  He  descended  into  hellV 
we  shall  not  so  much  dread  to  undergo  that  which 
He  has  undergone  before  us.  .-.,.-       .    .- 

2*  .-^^d 


18 


CATECHISM  ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


Article  IV. 


K't. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  fourth  Article  ? 

"  The  resurrection  of  Christ." 

Why  does  the  Article  state  that  Christ  "  did  truly 
rise  again  from  the  dead  1" 

Because  some  in  ancient  times  denied  a  literal  res- 
urrection, and  declared  that  it  was  only  figurative. 

How  is  the  truth  of  His  resurrection  proved  ? 

By  the  testimony  of  those  who  saw  Him  after  He 
arose,  by  the  gifts  He  bestowed  on  His  followers 
after  His  resurrection,  and  by  the  rapid  spread  of  the 
Gospel  built  upon  the  belief  of  this  truth. 

What  is  "  the  perfection  of  man's  nature"  here 
meant  ? 

The  completeness  of  His  nature,  as  composed  of 
body  and  soul. 

What  other  things  besides  "  flesh  and  bones"  are 
essential  to  that  completeness  ? 
.,  The  senses,  and  power  of  bodily  motion  and  action, 
&o.     >;  •.,  -r  --■.■■'-'  ...-• '  ->  •;■  i  ■ '  >-■.. 

Prove  that  Jesus  took  again  His  body,  &c. 

St.  Luke  xxiv.  39, 43.  When  He  appeared  to  His 
disciples  after  His  resurrection.  He  requested  them 
to  handle  Him  and  see  that  He  had  flesh  and  bones, 
and  He  afterwards  ate  in  their  presence. 

Prove  that  He  ascended  into  heaven  with  His 
body. 


•■••* 


,.•*  iyf. 


ARTICLE   V. 


19 


composed  of   I 


m  with  His 


St.  Luke  XXIV.  50,  51  ;  Acts  i.  9.  "  He  lifted  up 
J  His  hands  and  blessed"  the  Apostles ;  and  imme- 
jdiately  after  "  while  they  beheld,  He  was  taken  up, 
ind  a  cloud  received  Him  out  of  their  sight." 

Prove  that  He  sitteth  there  with  His  body. 

It  appears  from  St.  Mark  xvi.  19,  that  in  whatever 
[manner  "  He  was  received  into  heaven,"  in  the  same 
[manner  "  He  sat  down  on  the  right  hand  of  God." 

What  is  He  there  doing  ? 

Pleading  the  merits  of  His  own  sacrifice  on  the 
[cross  before  the  Father,  for  the  benefit  of  Plis  people 
[on  earth.   %  ' 

Prove  that  He  will  remain  in  heaven  until  the  day 
I  of  judgment. 

In  Acts  iii.  20,  21,  it  is  said  that  "the  heavens 
must  receive  Him  until  the  times  of  the  restitution 
of  all  things,"  that  is,  when  all  things  will  be  made 
new ;  which  will  take  place  at  His  second  coming  to 
judgment.  ,  .. 

Article  V. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  fifth  Article  ? 

"The  Holy  Ghost." 

What  is  meant  by  the  Holy  Ghost  "proceeding 
from  the  Father  and  the  Son  V^ 

That  He  issues  forth  from  them  and  is  sent  by 
them. 

Prove  that  He  proceeds  from  the  Father. 

John  XV.  26;  Matt.  x.  20.     He  is  called  "the 


i 


20 


CATECHISM    ON    THK    ARTICLES. 


Pr 


Spirit  of  truth  that  proceedeth  from  the  Father,"  and^^^^jj 

"the  Spirit  of  the  Father." 

.    Prove  that  He  proceeds  from  the  Son. 

In  Rom.  viii.  9,  and  1  Pet.  i.  11,  He  is  called  "the 
Spirit  of  Christ."  ■    ■ 

When  did  He  proceed  from  the  Father  and  the 
Son? 

From  all  eternity. 

Show  that  He  is  "  of  one  substance  with  the  Father 
and  the  Son." 

It  has  been  already  proved  that  the  Son  is  of  one 
substance  with  the  Father ;  if  therefore  the  Holy 
Ghost  is  of  one  substance  with  the  Father,  He  must 
be  of  one  substance  with  both.  .    .  « 

Prove  that    He  is   of   one  substance   with  the  I 
Father.  I 

1  Cor.  iii.  16,  17.     The  Spirit  of  God  dwelling  in    ':. 
us  makes  us  temples  of  God.  ^ 

Show  that  He  is  "  of  one  majesty  and  glory  with    ; 
the  Father  and  the  Son."  '■% 

This  follows  from  His  being  of  one  substance  with  1 
the  Father  and  the  Son. 

Prove  it  directly  from  Holy  Scripture. 

Isa.  vi.  3.  The  Holy  Ghost  is  magnified  by  the 
heavenly  host  equally  with  the  Father  and  the  Son. 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  very  God  1" 

That  He  is  God  in  the  fullest  sense. 

Show  that  He  is  "  eternal  God." 

It  would  follow  from  His  being  the  Spirit  of  the 


V     ARTICLE   V. 


•  f  . '.'  > 


21 


■,    1:1  .1     M      qv^ather,  because  He  must  endure  as  lomr  as  the 
h  ^'''^'''    ""^l-athcr: 

Prove  it  directly  from  Scripture. 

Heb.  ix.  14.    He  is  called  "  the  eternal  Spirit." 


>on. 

c  is  called  "the< 

Father  and  the 


with  the  Father 


ance  with  the! 


;..■.  r; 


■  »•  .  i- 


\  I  •  ■ 


.1  ■■     I'- 1  '• 


.'  ■  :  ■   t'. 


92 


CATECHISM    ON   THB    ARTICLES. 


PART  II. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  second  division  of  tlii 
thirty-nine  Articles  ] 
The  rule  of  faith. 
What  Articles  does  it  comprise  ? 
From  the  sixth  to  the  eighth  inclusive. 

Article  VI. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  sixth  Article » 

"  The  sufficiency  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  for  salvj 
tion." 

What  is  the  declaration  of  the  article  on  this  '4  Bu 
subject*?  f;    In 

"  Holy  Scripture  containeth  all  things  necessary  to  in  th< 
salvation."  ^any  ] 

What  presumption  is  there  from  reason  in  favour  B} 
of  this  assertion  ?  Iprivi 

As  God  knew  the  uncertainty  and  variableness  of  )  H 
traditionary  knowledge,  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  i'  "\^ 
that  He  provided  that  whatever  was  necessary  to  Jwhal 
salvation  should  be  committed  to  writing. 

Support  it  from  Scripture. 

2  Tim.  iii.  15-17.  This  being  true  of  the  Old 
Testament  under  the  old  dispensation,  it  follows  by 
analogy  that  it  is  true  of  that  and  the  New  Testar 
ment  united  under  the  new  dispensation. 


CLES. 


ARTICLE    VI. 


i'*.l*" 


33 


d  division  of  tl 


3IV0. 


Article »   . 
)tures  for  salva 

article  on   this 

igs  necessary  to 

eason  in  favour| 

s^ariableness  of 
ble  to  suppose! 
s  necessary  to' 
ing. 

e  of  the  Old 
,  it  follows  by 
e  New  Testa- 
a. 


Wliat  other  ground  is  there  for  believing  if? 
It  was  held  in  the  primitive  Church  without  con- 
^adiction  and  for  many  hundreds  of  years. 
In  what  sense  does  the  Article  assert  that  Holy 
jripture  contains  all  things  necessary  for  salvation? 
"  That  whatsoever  is  not  read  therein,  nor  may  be 
^oved  thereby^  is  not  to  be  required  to  be  believed  as 
Article  of  the  Faith,  or  to  be  thought  requisite  or 
leccssary  for  salvation." 

For  what  class  of  persons  in  the  Church  is  this 
lirection  principally  intended  ?  * 

* 

For  those  who  teach  and  govern. 

In  what  sense  is  the  term  "  of  any  man"  to  be 
ikenl 

By  any  man. 

In  what  manner  may  those  who  teach  and  govern 
|n  the  Church  require  persons  to  believe  and  think  in 
my  particular  manner  ? 

By  censuring  them,  or  depriving  them  of  Church 
)rivileges,  if  they  do  not  so  believe  or  think.  "'-    -  ^' 

How  can  they  know  what  they  believe  or  think  1 

When  they  either  deny  the  truth  or  necessity  of 
[what  they  are  taught,  or  act  so  as  to  show  that  they 
|do  not  receive  it  as  true  or  necessary. 

How  far  does  the  Article  affect  the  members  of 
[the  Church  generally  ? 

It  shows  that  they  cannot,  according  to  the  princi- 
ples of  the  Church,  be  censured  or  debarred  from 
Christian  privileges  for -disbelieving  or  refusing  to 


24 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


acknowledge  as  necessary  to  salvation,  things  which 
are  not  directly  contained  ill  the  Scriptures,  or  are 
not  proved  from  them. 

What  does  the  Church  here  mean  by  "  Holy  Scrip- 
ture ?" 

"  Those  canonical  books  of  the  Old  and  New  Tes- 
tar/ient,  of  whose  authority  there  was  never  any 
doubt  in  the  Church."  ,     . . 

What  is  meant  by  cawoii/ca/ books  ? 

ITiose  books  which  contain  the  rule  of  Christian 
faith  and  duty,  and  by  which  consequently  contro- 
versies may  and  ought  to  be  decided. 

Why  are  they  called  canonical? 

Tlie  word  canon  signifies  a  rule. 

Mention  the  canonical  books  of  the  Old  Testament. 

Genesis,  Exodus,  Leviticus,  Numbers,  Deuterono- 
my, Joshua,  Judges,  Ruth,  the  First  Book  of  Samuel, 
the  Second  Book  of  Samuel,  the  First  Book  of  Kings, 
the  Second  Book  of  Kings,  the  First  Book  of  Chron- 
icles, the  Second  Book  of  Chronicles,  the  First  Book  of 
Esdras,  the  Second  Book  of  Esdras,  the  Book  of  Esther, 
the  Book  of  Job,  the  Psalms,  the  Proverbs,  Eccle- 
siastes  or  Preacher,  Cantica,  or  Songs  of  Solomon, 
Four  Prophets  the  greater.  Twelve  Prophets  the  less. 

What  is  meant  by  the  first  and  second  books  of 
Esdras? 

The  books  of  Ezra  and  Nehemiah. 

Why  is  the  book  of  Nehemiah  called  the  second 
book  of  Esdras  ? 


ARTICLE   VI. 


25 


Because  it  contains  the  continuation  of  the  history 
of  Ezra.  ..,; 

Who  are  the  four  greater  prophets  1 

Isaiah,  Jeremiah,  Ezekiel,  and  Daniel. 

Why  are  not  the  Lamentations  of  Jeremiah  men- 
tioned here  1 

Because  they  are  considered  part  of  the  book  of 
Jeremiah. 

Who  are  the  twelve  lesser  prophets'? 

Hosea,  Joel,  Amos,  Obadiah,  Jonah,  Mieah,  Na- 
hum,  Habakkuk,  Zephaniah,  Haggai,  Zechariah,  Mal- 
achi. 

What  other  books  does  the  Article  mention  as  per- 
taining to  the  Old  Testament  ? 

The  Third  Book  of  Esdras,  the  Fourth  Book  of 
Esdras,  the  Book  of  Tobias,  the  Book  of  Judith,  the 
rest  of  the  Book  of  Esther,  the  Book  of  Wisdom, 
Jesus  the  Son  of  Sirach,  Baruch  the  Prophet,  the 
i<5ong  of  the  Three  Children,  the  Story  of  Susanna, 
of  Bel  and  the  Dragon,  the  Prayer  of  Manasses,  the 
First  Book  of  Maccabees,  the  Second  Book  of  Mac- 
cabees. 

What  are  the  third  and  fourth  books  of  Esdras 
called  in  our  common  Bibles  ? 

The  first  and  second  books  of  Esdras. 

What  is  the  book  of  Tobias  called  ? 

The  book  of  Tobit. 

What  is  the  book  of  Jesus  the  Son  of  Sirach  called  ? 

Ecclesiasticus. 

3 


m 


26 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


'-il!l 


!    r 


Who  are  "  the  Three  Children"  here  mentioned  ? 

Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abednego. 

What  Man  asses  is  the  one  mentioned  ? 

Manasseh  the  son  of  Hezekiah. 

What  difference  is  there  between  the  use  of  these 
books  and  that  of  the  canonical  books  ? 

The  canonical  books  are  used  both  to  give  us  prac- 
tical examples  and  instruction,  and  to  establish  doc- 
trines ;  the  other  books  are  not  applied  to  establish 
doctrine,  but  only  read  "  for  example  of  life  and  in- 
struction of  manners"  or  conduct. 

Why  does  the  Church  make  this  difference  between 
these  books? 

Because  the  whole  Church  of  Christ  for  four  hun- 
dred years  made  such  a  difference. 

But  do  these  books  then  differ  in  nothing  from  com- 
mon religious  or  historical  books  1 

They  differ  in  this  respect,  that  their  writers  are 
considered  to  be  trustworthy  and  credible  in  matters 
of  example  and  precept. 

Where  does  the  Church  show  that  this  is  her 
opinion  ? 

Partly  by  many  expressions  in  the  Homilies,  and 
partly  by  appointing  some  portions  of  them  to  be 
read  in  divine  service  on  the  saints'  days. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  Apocrypha  ? 

It  means  doubtful.  That  is,  the  Church  does  not 
determine  respecting  the  authenticity  or  genuineness 
of  these  books. 


^1 


I 


ARTICLE   VI. 


27 


nentioned  ?     ^ 


use  of  these 

give  us  prac- 
stablish  doc- 
to  establish 
'f  life  and  in- 

snce  between 

for  four  hun- 

tig  from  com- 

writers  are   1 
le  in  matters   ^ 

this  is   her     J 

omilies,  and 
them  to  be      ' 

crypha  ? 

eh  does  not      4 

genuineness 

i 
I 

'i 


Which  of  these  books  are  never  read  in  Church, 
according  to  the  calendar  of  the  Church  of  England  ? 

The  books  of  Esdras,  the  prayer  of  Manasses,  and 
the  books  of  the  Maccabees.* 

From  which  of  the  Apocryphal  bodks  are  lessons 
appointed  in  the  calendar  of  the  Church  in  the  United 
States'? 

From  the  book  of  Wisdom,  and  Ecclesiasticus  or 
the  book  of  Jesus  the  Son  of  Sirach. 

Which  of  these  books  is  quoted  by  St.  Paul  in 
Heb.  xi.? 

The  second  book  of  Maccabees. 

For  what  purpose  1 

For  example  of  life ;  to  show  that  faith  leads  men 
to  suffer  courageously  in  the  cause  of  God. 

Mention  the  canonical  books  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment. 

The  Gospel  according  to  St.  Matthew,  the  Gospel 
according  to  St.  Mark,  the  Gospel  according  to  St. 
Luke,  and  the  Gospel  according  to  St.  John ;  the 
Acts  of  the  Apostles,  the  fourteen  Epistles  of  St.  Paul, 
the  Epistle  of  St.  James,  the  two  Epistles  of  St. 
Peter,  the  three  Epistles  of  St.  John,  the  Epistle  of 
St.  Jude,  the  Apocalypse,  or  Revelation  of  St.  John. 

Was  there   not  some  doubt  at  an  early  period 


•  During  the  latter  months  of  the  'year,  according  to  the  English 
calendar,  (from  Sept.  27lh  to  Nov.  23d,)  lessons  are  appointed  in  the 
daily  service  from  Tobit,  Judith,  Wisdom,  Ecclesiasticus,  Baruch,  His- 
tory of  Susanna,  and  Bel  and  the  Dragon. 


l\ 


' 


! 


!( 


28 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


whether  the  Apocalypse  and  some  of  the  Epistles 
should  be  regarded  as  canonical  1 

Not  in  the  Church  at  large,  but  only  by  some  par- 
ticular persons  or  churches. 

T  * 

Article  VII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  seventh  Article  ? 
"  The  Old  Testament." 

What  are  the  two  questions  concerning  the  Old 
Testament,  chiefly  treated  of  in  this  Article  ? 

1.  Whether  the  promises  of  the  Old  Testament 
were  merely  transitory  and  temporal. 

2.  In  what  degree  the  Old  Testament  is  binding 
upon  Christians. 

How  does  the  Article  decide  the  first  question  ? 

"  They  are  not  to  be  heard,  which  feign  that  the 
old  Fathers  did  look  only  for  transitory  promises." 

Who  are  meant  by  "  the  old  Fathers  ?" 

The  good  men  whose  history  is  recorded  in  the  Old 
Testament. 

How  does  the  Article  prove  that  they  looked  for 
something  more  than  transitory  promises  1 

By  asserting  that  "  the  Old  Testament  is  not  con- 
trary to  the  New:  for  both  in  the  Old  and  New 
Testament  everlasting  life  is  offered  to  Mankind  by 
Christ,  who  is  the  only  Mediator  between  God  and 
Man,  being  both  God  and  Man." 

Prove  that  everlasting  life  was  offered  to  mankind 
under  the  Old  Testament. 


1 

((I 

81 
tl 


'LEB. 


ARTICLE    VII. 


of  the  Epistles 
y  by  some  par- 


Article  ? 

Jrnlng  the  Old 

rticle  ? 

31d  Testament 

ent  is  binding 

t  question  ? 
feign  that  the 
r  promises." 

I?" 

3ed  in  the  Old 
ey  looked  for 

3S? 

nt  is  not  con- 

•M  and  New 

Mankind  by 

3en  God  and 

I  to  mankind 


David,  in  Psalm  xvi.  11,  contemplated  a  "  life  m 
God's  presence,  where  there  is  fulness  of  joy  and 
pleasures  for  evermore  :"  and  St.  Paul,  in  Ileb.  xi. 
13-lG,  says,  respecting  the  ancient  Israelites,  that 
"  they  looked  for  a  better  country,  that  is,  a  heav- 
enly ;"  and  our  Lord  testifies  that  the  Jews  thought 
that  in  the  Scriptures  they  had  eternal  life. 

Prov*^-  that  it  was  offered  through  Christ. 

Gen.  xxii.  18 ;  Gal.  iii.  16 ;  St.  John  viii.  56 ;  1 
Cor.  X.  4.  Abraham  was  told  that  in  his  seed,  which 
is  Christ,  all  nations  should  be  blessed ;  and  our  Lord 
testifies  that  Abraham  saw  the  day  of  Christ  and  was 
glad  ;  and  St.  Paul,  that  the  Israelites  "  drank  of  that 
spiritual  Rock  that  followed  them ;  and  that  Rock 
was  Christ." 

Why  could  not  eternal  life  be  offered  to  mankind 
by  any  other  than  Christ  1 

Because  He  is  the  only  Mediator  between  God  and 
man.     1  Tim.  ii.  5. 

What  is  meant  by  His  being  the  only  Mediator 
between  God  and  man  1 

That  He  alone  has  opened  a  way  of  reconciliation 
between  God  and  all  mankind,  by  offering  Himself  a 
sacrifice  for  all  men.    See  Isa.  liii.  5,  6  ;  1  Tim.  ii.  6. 

Why  is  it  especially  stated  that  He  is  "  both  God 
and  man  1" 

Because  that  fully  qualified  Him  to  be  a  Mediator 
between  God  and  man. 

What  is  the  second  subject  treated  of  in  the  Article  ? 

8* 


r: 


30 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


The  degree  in  which  the  Old  Testament  is  binding 
upon  Christians. 

How  does  the  Article  decide  the  question  ? 

That  "  the  Law  given  from  God  by  Moses,  as  touch- 
ing Ceremonies  and  Rites,  does  not  bind  Christian 
men,"  and  that  "  the  Civil  precepts  thereof  ought  not 
of  necessity  to  be  received  in  any  commonwealth ;" 
but  that  "  no  Christian  man  whatsoever  is  free  from 
the  obedience  of  the  Commandments  which  are  called 
Moral." 

Prove  that  the  law  of  Moses  does  not  bind  Chris- 
tians in  regard  to  ceremonies  and  rites. 

St.  Paul  blames  Christians  for  thinking  it  necessary 
to  observe  the  "  holy  days,  new  moons,  and  sabbaths" 
of  the  law  of  Moses,  and  the  law  of  circumcision. 
See  Gal.  iii.  24,  25,  compared  with  iv.  9,  10 ;  v.  1,2; 
Col.  ii.  16,  17.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  many  of  the 
Levitical  ordinances  were  typical  of  sacraments  and 
rites  in  the  Christian  Church. 

What  do  you  mean  by  the  "  Civil  precepts"  of  the 
Law  of  Moses  ? 

The  precepts  which  concern  ^nen  as  members  of 
society- under  earthly  rulers. 

Prove  that  they  are  not  binding  upon  Christians. 

Rom.  xiii.  1.  Because  under  the  New  Testament 
we  are  required  to  be  "  subject  to  the  higher  powers" 
of  the  country  in  which  we  live,  which  is  inconsistent 
with  observing  the  law  of  Moses. 

What  is  meant  by  "the  moral  commandments  1" 


cor 


^1 


mli\ 


jfiiSa 


ARTICLE   VIII. 


31 


nent  is  binding 

estion  ? 

(loses,  as  touch- 
bind  Christian 
jreof  ought  not 
nmon wealth ;" 
er  is  free  from 
hich  are  called 

lot  bind  Chris- 

• 

ig  it  necessary 
and  sabbaths" 
'  circumcision. 
^10;  V.  1,2; 
,  many  of  the 
icranients  and 

ecepts"  of  the 

members  of 

!  Christians. 
5W  Testament 
gher  powers" 
s  inconsistent 

andments  1" 


Those  commandments  which  regulate  our  general 

"  conduct  towards  God  and  each  other. 

t      Where  are  they  briefly  summed  up? 

f      In  the  Ten  Commandments.  - 

Prove  that  they  are  binding  upon  Christians. 

/  St.  Matt.  V.  17-20 ;  Rom.  viii.  4.  Our  Lord  in 
His  sermon  on  the  Mount  says  that  "  whosoever  shall 
do  and  teach  them,  shall  be  called  great  in  the  king- 
dom of  heaven ;"  and  St.  Paul  says  that  the  object 
of  the  Gospel  is  "  that  the  righteousness  of  the  law 
might  be  fulfilled  in  us." 

Article  VIII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  eighth  Article  % 

"  The  Three  Creeds." 

What  is  a  Creed  ? 

A  form  of  word§  in  which  we  profess  our  belief  in 
certain  divine  things  or  truths. 

What  is  the  Creed  which  is  here  named  "  Nicene 
Creed?" 

That  which  is  said  in  the  Communion  Office,  in  the 
Church  of  England,  and  allowed  to  be  said  in  the 
Morning  and  Evening  Service  in  the  Church  in  the 
United  States. 

Why  is  it  called  Nicene  ? 

Because  it  contains  the  Creed  drawn  up  at  the 
great  council  of  bishops,  held  at  Nicsea,  in  Bithynia, 
A.  D.  325,  as  afterwards  enlarged  at  the  second 
General  Council,  of  Constantinople,  a.  d.  381.      ^   ' 


V      ) 


m 

''■IP 


II 


'  I'l 


; 


P      If 


■  ! 


,'!3 


32 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


of 


,^.    What  were  the  chief  objects  ot  iff  ' '       Vf 

To  declare  the  true  faith  in  the  Godhead  of  our  %q\[ 
Lord  Jesus  Christ,  in  opposition  to  those  who  taught 
that  He  was  not  God,  equally  with  the  Father  ;  and 
to  declare  the  Godhead  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

[What  is  the  Creed  here  named  "  Athanasius' 
Creed  ?"* 

That  which  is  used  in  Morning  Prayer  on  certain 
days  instead  of  the  Apostles'  Creed. 

Why  is  it  called  "Athanasius'  Creed?" 

Because  it  was  drawn  up  in  support  of  the 
doctrines  for  which  Athanasius  contended  and  suf- 
fered. 

Who  was  St.  Athanasius  1 

An  archbishop  of  Alexandria,  who  flourished  at 
the  time  of  the  council  of  Nicsea,  and  for  many  years 
after.  ^ 

What  were  the  doctrines  supported  by  him  ? 

The  true  doctrines  in  regard  to  the  Father,  Son, 
and  Holy  Ghost,  and  in  regard  to  the  Godhead  and 
Manhood  of  Christ.] 

Why  is  the  other  Creed  called  "  the  Apostles'  1" 

Because  it  contains  the  doctrine  taught  by  the 
Apostles  to  new  converts. 

What  does  the  Article  say  with  respect  to  these 
Creeds  1 

*  The  part  in  brackets  applies  to  the  Articles  of  the  Church  of  En- 
gland only ;  mention  of  the  Athanasian  Creed  having  been  omitted  in 
the  Article  in  the  American  Prayer-book. 


':  ^ 

>ec( 
ywai 

1 

of 
I 

con 

':     I 

jfroi 

on^ 

to  1 


CLES. 


ARTICLE   VIII. 


33 


•■•>♦' 


Godhead  of  our^ 
those  who  taught 
the  Father ;  and 
Ghost, 
d   "Athanasius' 

rayer  on  certain 

edr 

support    of  the 

ended  and  suf- 


o   flourished  at 
for  many  years 

3  by  him  ? 

he  Father,  Son, 

e  Godhead  and 


;,> 


That "  they  ought  thoroughly  to  be  received  and 
elieved." 

Why  was  it  necessary  to  say  this  ? 

Because  there  were  persons  and  sects  who  object- 
ed to  them,  either  in  whole  or  in  part. 

What  reason  does  the  Article  give  why  we  should 
receive  and  believe  them  thus  thoroughly  1 
f    "Because  they  may  be  proved  by  most  certain 
fwarrants  of  Holy  Scripture." 

Who  determines  that  ? 

I- 

The  Church,  as  "  having  authority  in  controversies 
^of  faith." 

How  does  the  Church  carry  out  this  declaration 
concerning  the  Creeds? 

/     By  requiring  the  profession  of  the  Apostles'  Creed 
:^from  every  person,   first  before  Baptism,   and  sec- 
ondly before  Confirmation  ;  and  by  appointing  them 
'to  be  rehearsed  by  the  congregation  in  divine  worship. 


e  Apostles'  ?" 
taught  by  the 

sspect  to  these 


'  the  Church  of  En- 
Qg  been  omitted  in 


.   1 


m 


jvi,.^ 


,*v'' 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


PART   III. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  third  division  of  the 
Articles'? 

The  spiritual  condition  of  man. 

What  Articles  does  it  comprise  ? 

From  the  ninth  to  the  eighteenth  inclusive. 

Article  IX. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  ninth  Article  ? 

"  Original  or  Birth-Sin." 

What  is  original  sin  1 

"  It  is  the  fault  and  corruption  of  the  Nature  of 
every  man,  that  naturally  is  engendered  of  the  off- 
spring of  Adam." 

What  is  the  effect  or  operation  of  this  fault  or 
corruption  ? 

That  by  it "  man  is  very  far  gone  from  original  right- 
eousness, and  is  of  his  own  nature  inclined  to  evil." 

What  is  meant  by  "  every  man  that  naturally  is 
engendered  of  the  offspring  of  Adam  1" 

Every  one  that  is  born  of  a  father  and  mother 
descended  from  Adam. 

Why  is  that  expression  introduced? 

To  show  that  the  Article  does  not  speak  of  Jesus 
Christ,  who  was  not  naturally  "  engendered  of  the 
offspring  of  Adam," 


ARTICLE    IX. 


35 


What  then  is  the  natural  condition  of  every  other 
child  of  Adam  1 

He  has  that  "  fault  or  corruption  of  nature,  where- 
by he  is  very  far  gone  from  original  righteousness, 
and  is  of  his  own  nature  inclined  to  evil." 

What  is  meant  by  "  original  righteousness  ?" 

The  state  of  innocence  and  divine  favour  in  which 
Adam  and  Eve  were  created. 

Prove  that  every  man  has  a  fault  or  corruption  of 
his  nature. 

Job  XXV.  4;  Rom.  v.  12,  15,  17-19.  In  the  book 
of  Job  it  is  inquired,  as  though  admitting  of  only  one 
answer,  "How  can  he  be  clean  that  is  born  of  a 
woman  ?"  and  St.  Paul  shows  that  in  Adam  all  men 
have  sinned  and  become  liable  to  condemnation. 

Prove  that  this  fault  reaches  to  the  extent  which 
the  Article  states. 

Gen.  viii.  21 ;  Jer.  xvii.  9  ;  Ps.  xiv.  2,  3.  "There 
is  none  that  doeth  good,  no  not  one  ;"  and  "  the 
heart  of  man  is  deceitful  above  all  things  and  des- 
perately wicked ;"  and  when  men  were  left  to  them- 
selves, "every  imagination  of  the  thought  of  their 
hearts  was  only  evil  and  that  continually." 

What  do  you  mean  by  "  the  flesh  1" 

The  mind  of  man  in  his  natural  state  since  the  fall. 

What  is  meant  by  its  "lusting  contrary  to  the 
Spirit?" 

That  it  is  always  inclined  to  go  contrary  to  the 
Spirit  of  God.  ..,,.  ^J  .f.  '     -a 


36 


OATECIIIBM    ON    TUB    ARTICLES. 


Prove  that  this  is  the  case. 

Gal.  V.  17;  Rom.  viii.  7.  "The  flesh  lustoth 
against  the  Spirit,"  and  "  the  carnal  mind  is  enmit/ 
against  God." 

I  low  does  this  circumstanco  affect  our  state  in  the 
sight  of  God? 

"  In  every  person  born  into  this  world  it  deserves 
God's  wrath  and  damnation." 

Show  that  this  is  the  case. 

Eph.  ii.  3;  Rom.  v.  19.  We  are  "by  nature 
children  of  wrath,"  and  "judgment  is  como  upon  all 
men  to  condemnation." 

Why  is  this  the  case  1 

Because  God  is  holy,  and  must  be  displeased  with 
any  degree  of  sin.  i  r, 

How  may  this  wrath  and  damnation  be  re- 
moved 1 

"  There  is  no  condemnation  for  them  that  believe 
and  are  baptized." 

What  passages  of  Scripture  show  this? 

St.  Mark  xvi.  16;  St.  John  v.  24. 

What  class  of  baptized  persons  are  not  contem- 
plated in  this  part  of.  the  Article? 

Children  who  are  too  young  to  exercise  faith. 

How  does  it  appear  that  they  are  not  contem- 
plated ? 

Because  the  Article  only  declares  that  those  who 
believe  and  are  baptized  are  not  under  condemnation. 

Are  they  therefore  excluded  by  the  Chiirch  of 


ARTICLE    IX. 


37 


lot  contem- 


England  from  dolivcrunco  from  the  guilt  of  original 
sin? 

No ;  for  the  conclusion  of  the  Office  of  Infant  Bap- 
tism* declares  that  all  baptized  infants  dying  before 
they  have  committed  actual  sin  are  undoubtedly 
saved. 

What  is  the  faith  which  must  be  in  those  adult 
persons  win »  arc  delivered  from  condemnation  1 

A  full  confidence  in  God  and  hearty  reception  of 
the  whole  (Jospel  as  the  way  of  salvation.  See  the 
Homily  on  Faith,  Part  I. 

But  arc  tiiose  who  believe  and  are  baptized  en- 
tirely deli  vi-rod  from  original  sin? 

No ;  "  this  infection  of  nature  remains  even  in  the 
regenerate.' 

Who  are  meant  by  "  them  that  are  regenerated  1" 

"  Them  that  are  baptized  :"  for  in  the  Latin  copy 
of  the  Articles,  the  same  word,  renatis,  is  used  for 
both  baptized  and  regenerated. 

How  docs  this  infection  show  itself  1 

By  its  fruits :  for  by  it  "  the  lust  of  the  flesh,"  even 
in  the  regenerate,  "  is  not  subject  to  the  law  of  God." 

Quote  some  Scripture,  showing  that  this  is  the 
case. 

1  St.  John  il.  16 ;  Rom.  viii.  7. 

What  ed'ect  has  this  infection  upon  the  spiritual 
condition  of  those  who  believe  and  are  baptized? 


*  In  the  Rubric  of  the  Prayer-book  of  the  Church  of  England* 

4 


(.1,  i! 


i 


ft 

I 


ff 


m:. 

m 

f-:  " 


m 


38 


Catechism  on  the  articles. 


Although  they  aie  not  under  condemnation,  they 
yet  need  continual  forgiveness,  even  if  not  guilty  of 
actual  sin. 

How  do  you  show  this  1 

"  The  Apostle  doth  confess,  that  concupiscence  and 
lust  hath  of  itself  the  nature  of  sin." 

W4iat  Apostle  1 

St.  Paul,  Rom.  viii.  7 ;  where  after  saying,  "  I  had 
not  known  sin,  but  by  the  law,"  he  brings  us  an  ex- 
ample, "  I  had  not  known  lust,  except  the  law  had 
said.  Thou  shalt  not  covet ;"  thus  making  "  lust,"  that 
is,  desire  of  forbidden  things^  a  kind  of  sin. 


f    ni 


-     Article  X. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  tenth  Article  ? 

"Free-Will." 

How  is  the  will  of  man  affected  by  original  cor- 
ruption? 

"  The  condition  of  Man  after  the  fall  of  Adam  is 
such,  that  he  cannot  turn  and  prepare  himself,  Ijy  his 
own  natural  strength  and  good  works,  to  faith,  and 
calling  upon  God." 

To  what  cannot  man  turn  and  prepare  himself? 

To  faith  and  calling  upon  God. 

Cannot  he  do  this  at  all  1 

Not  by  his  own  natural  strength  and  good  works. 

Why  do  you  say  that  this  is  caused  by  original 
corruption?     - 


ARTICLE   X. 


39 


Lscence  and 


Because  the  Article  teaches  that  it  is  "  since  the 
fall  of  Adam." 

Prove  that  this  is  the  case.  -«   ,     .•: 

Kom.  viii.  8  ;  1  Cor.  ii.  14 ;  2  Cor.  iii.  5.  "They 
that  are  in  the  flesh  cannot  please  God ;  the  natural 
man  receiveth  not  the  things  of  the  Spirit  of  God ;  we 
are  not  sufficient  of  ourselves  to  think  any  thing  as 
of  ourselves." 

What  connection  has  this  fact  with  the  condition 
of  the  will  of  man  ? 

It  shows  that  natural  corruption  deprives  the  will 
of  strength  effectually  to  choose  what  is  good. 

What  then  does  our  will  need,  in  order  to  give  us 
"  power  to  do  good  works  pleasant  and  acceptable 
toGodr 

To  be  prevented,  that  we  may  have  a  good 
will,  and  to  be  assisted,  when  we  have  that  good 
will.  ♦ 

What  is  meant  by  preventing  our  wills  ? 

Stirring  them  up  and  directing  them. 

Prove  that  we  need  this. 

John  vi.  44.  Our  Lord  said,  "  No  man  can  come 
unto  Me,  except  the  Father  draw  him." 

What  supplies  this  need  of  ours  % 

"  The  grace"  or  favour  «  of  God."  Phil.  ii.  13 ; 
St.  John  vi.  44. 

By  whom  does  this  grace  come  to  mankind  ?  \ 

"By  Christ." 

What  is  necessary  after  we  have  a  good  will  % 


3    (* 


i     ,' 


'    I'M 


\h\ 


5  f 

% 

Hi . 

.rL'1 


li>     ! 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 

'^  "The  grace  of  God  working  with  us."  St.  John 
XV.  5. 

To  what  purpose  ? 

To  make  our  will  effectual  to  do  good  works. 
Phil.  ii.  13. 

Article  XI. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  eleventh  Article? 

"  The  Justification  of  Man." 

What  is  meant  here  by  "  the  justification  of  man  ?" 

His  being  "  accounted  righteous  before  God." 

Prove  that  we  are  not  justified  by  our  own  works 
or  deservings. 

It  follows  from  our  being  unable  by  our  own 
natural  strength  to  do  works  acceptable  unto  God. 

Prove  it  directly  from  Scripture.    ' 

Rom.  iii.  20-24.  St.  Paul  says  that  "no  flesh 
shall  be  justified  in  God's  sight  by  the  deeds  of  the 
law ;"  and  that  we  are  "justified  freely  by  His  grace 
through  the  redemption  that  is  in  Christ  Jesus." 

By  what  means  on  the  part  of  man  are  we  jus- 
tified 1 

«  By  faith."    Rom.  iii.  28  ;  v.  1. 

Does  not  that  imply  some  deserving  on  our  part  ? 

No ;  we  are  justified  "  only  for  the  merit  of  our 
Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ."     Rom.  iii.  24. 

When  it  is  said  that  we  are  justified  "by  faith 
only,"  what  does  the  Article  mean  to  exclude  1 

Our  own  works,     Rom.  iii.  28. 


ARTICLE    XI. 


41 


» 


St.  John 


:ood  works. 


'tide? 

on  of  man  1" 

i  God." 

p  own  works 

)y  our  own 
unto  God. 

it  "no  flesh 
deeds  of  the 
by  His  grace 
Jesus." 
are  we  jus- 


on  our  part  ? 
merit  of  our 
iii.  24. 

)d  "by  faith 
:clude  1 


What  general  statement  does  the  Article  make 
respecting  this  doctrine  ? 

That  it  "  is  most  wholesome,  and  very  full  of 
comfort." 

Where  is  this  "  more  largely  expressed  ?" 

"  In  the  Homily  of  Justification." 

What  is  the  title  of  this  Homily  in  the  Book  of 
Homilies  1 

The  Homily  of  Salvation. 

In  what  sense  does  this  Homily  teach  us  that  our 
own  works  are  excluded  from  justification  ? 

"  So  that  we  may  not  do  them,  to  be  made  just  by 
doing  them.'^' 

In  what  way  does  tiie  Homily  show  that  this  is  "  a 
wholesome  doctrine  V' 

Because  it  "  expresses  the  weakness  of  man  and 
the  goodness  of  God  ;"  it  instructs  us  that  "justifica- 
tion is  the  office  of  God  only,  and  is  not  a  thing  which 
we  render  unto  Him,  but  which  we  receive  from  Him, 
by  His  free  mercy,  and  by  the  only  merits  of  His 
most  dearly  beloved  Son."  v;;y: 

In  what  respect  is  it  "  full  of  comfort  ?" 

Because  it  teaches  us  that  "  what  our  weakness 
could  not  do,"  hath  been  done  for  us. 

How  does  this  Homily  teach  us  to  apply  this  doc- 
trine to  the  case  of  infants  1 

It  teaches  that  "in  consequence  of  it,"  infants, 
being  baptized  and  dying  in  their  infancy,  are  by  this 
sacrifice  "  washed  from  their  sins,  brought  to  God's 

4* 


I 


h  If 


'■    lis' 

^  It 


m 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


favour,  and  made  His  children,  and  inheritors  of  His 
kingdom  of  heaven." 

How  does  it  teach  us  to  apply  it  to  the  case  of 
those  who  live  to  commit  actual  sin  ? 

It  informs  us  that  "  they  which  in  act  or  deed  do 
sin  after  their  baptism,  when  they  turn  aigain  to  God 
unfeignedly,  they  are  likewise  washed  by  this  sacri- 
fice from  their  sins." 

How  do  we  know  that  these  words  refer  to  justi- 
fication by  Christ  1 

Because  the  Homily  immediately  adds,  "  this  is 
that  justification  or  righteousness  which  St.  Paul 
speaketh  of,  when  he  saith,  no  man  is  justified  by  the 
works  of  the  law,  but  freely  by  faith  in  Jesus  Christ." 

Article  XII.  ,  ^ 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  twelfth  Article  ? 

"Good  Works." 

What  works  of  man  are  really  good  1 

Those  "  which  are  the  fruits  of  Faith,  and  follow 

after  Justification." 

How  have  we  power  to  do  such  works  ?  ' 

By  the  grace  of  God  by  Christ  preventing  us  and 

working  with  us.  ■ 

Why  cannot  such  works  "  put  away  our  sins  ?" 
Because  we  have  no  power  to  do  them  without  the 

grace  of  God. 

Why  cannot  they  "  endure  the  severity  of  God's 

judgment?" 


# 


ARTICLE    XIII. 


43 


Ps.  cxxx.  ^;  cxliii.  2.  Because  they  are  always 
more  or  less  imperfect. 

How  then  are  they  "  pleasing  and  acceptable  unto 

God  r 

Because  they  are  nevertheless  the  fruit  of  the 
"  inspiration  of  His  Holy  Spirit." 

What  is  a  lively  faith  1 

A  living  effectual  faith. 

Prove  that  good  works  are  a  necessary  fruit  of  a 
lively  faith. 

St.  James  ii.  16-18.  "  Faith,  if  it  have  not  works, 
is  dead,  being  alone." 

What,  then,  is  the  connection  of  good  works  with 
justification  1 

They  prove  that  we  continue  in  a  state  of  justifi- 
cation.    Rom.  viii.  5,  6 ;  1  St.  John  ii.  3. 

Article  XIII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirteenth  Article  1 

"  Works  before  Justification." 

What  phrase  is  used  in  this  Article  to  express  the 
same  sense  as  "justification  f 

"  The  receiving  the  grace  of  Christ,  and  the  inspi- 
ration of  his  Spirit."  ^ 

What  do  you  infer  from  this  *? 

That  the  communication  of  the  Spirit  of  Christ 
accompanies  the  grace  of  Christ  by  which  we  are 
justified. 


vfi-; 


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.*'- 


few 

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44 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


Why  are  works  done  before  justification  "not 
pleasant  to  God  ?" 

Because  "  they  spring  not  of  faith  in  Jesus  Christ." 

How  does  that  make  them  unacceptable? 

Because  no  man  is  really  acceptable  to  God,  ex- 
cept in  Christ. 

What  other  negative  assertion  does  this  Article 
make  concerning  works  done  before  justification  1 

That  they  do  not  "make  men  meet  to  receive 
grace." 

How  is  this  expressed  in  the  language  of  the  School- 
authors? 

They  do  not  "  deserve  grace  of  congruity.''^ 

Who  are  meant  by  "  the  School-authors  ]"       '     • 

The  learned  writers  whose  works  were  commonly 
used  in  colleges  and  universities  when  the  Reforma- 
tion commenced. 

What  did  they  mean  by  congruity  ? 

Fitness  or  suitableness. 

What  did  they  mean  by  deserving  grace  of  con- 
gruity ? 

That  works  done  in  a  state  of  nature  might  make 
men  so  fit  to  receive  God's  favour,  that  they  might 
be  said  to  deserve  it. 

What  objection  does  the  Article  state  to  this 
opinion? 

That  works  done  by  man  in  a  state  of  nature  have 
the  ijature  of  sin,  and  consequently  deserve  God's 
displeasure  rather  than  His  favour. 


ARTICLE   XIV. 


45 


Why  have  all  such  works  the  nature  of  sin  ? 

Because  "they  are  not  done  as  God  hath  \7illed 
and  commanded  them  to  be  done." 
^   How  so?  V 

Because  by  nature  man  does  not  govern  himself 
by  the  will  of  God. 

Article  XIV. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  fourteenth  Article  ? 

"  Works  of  Supererogation." 

What  is  the  meaning  of  that  expression? 

"  Voluntary  Works,  besides,  over  and  above,  God's 
Commandments." 

What  is  the  meaning  of  supererogation  ? 

Something  beyond  what  is  required. 

Wha  t  does  the  Article  say  respecting  such  works  1 

That  "they  cannot  be  taught  without  arrogancy 
and  impiety."  "    ^ 

Why  so?  •  '^ 

Because  v.  hen  men  do  works  which  they  consider 
works  of  supererogation,  they  by  so  doing  "  declare 
that  they  do  not  only  render  unto  God  as  much  as 
they  are  bound  to  do,  but  that  they  do  more  for  His 
sake  than  of  bounden  duty  is  required." 

What  objection  is  there  to  thinking  that  we  can 
render  unto  God  more  than  of  bounden  duty  is  re- 
quired? '     '    •   ' 

Christ  saith  plainly,  "  When  ye  shall  have  done  all 
those  things  which  are  commanded  you,  say,  we  are 


t 


0 


46 


CATECHISM   ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


unprofitable  servants :  we  have  done  that  which  was 
our  duty  to  do."     (Luke  xvii.  10.) 

How  does  that  aflfect  the  question? 

Because  if  we  could  render  to  God  more  than  our 
duty  required,  we  should  be  profitable  servants. 

Why  is  it  necessary  to  protest  against  the  doctrine 
of  works  of  supererogation  ? 

Because  some  have  taught  that  the  superabundant 
works  of  holy  men  may  be  applied  to  make  amends 
for  the  deficiencies  of  others. 

Article  XV. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  fifteenth  Article  ? 

"  Christ  alone  without  Sin." 

What  is  the  meaning  of  that  1  ,-J 

That  no  human  being  has  ever  been  perfectly  free 
from  sin  but  Jesus  Christ. 

Where  have  we  already  seen  that  "  Christ  in  the 
truth  of  our  nature  was  made  like  unto  us  in  all 
things  ?" 

In  the  second  Article,  where  He  is  said  to  be 
"very  Man." 

In  what  respect  was  He  not  like  us  ? 

In  sin. 

What  was  His  condition  in  regard  to  sin?     :    i 

He  was  "  clearly  void"  of  it,  "  both  in  His  flesh 
and  in  His  Spirit."  .r-:  . 

What  is  meant  by  being  void  of  sin  1  >   i 

Being  free  from  it,  ^  ,   ;  ^j?  ^    >; 


,.w. 


ARTICLE    XV. 


/ 


/ 


47 


Prove  that  Jesus  Christ  was  thus  void  of  sin.        * 

"  He  came  to  be  a  Lamb  without  spot,  who,  by 
sacrifice  of  Himself  once  made,/should  take  away 
the  sins  of  the  world." 

Prove  this. 

St.  John  i.  29 ;  Heb.  ix.  14,  28.  St.  John  says, 
He  is  "  the  Lamb  of  God,  that  taketh  away  the  sins 
of  the  world ;"  and  St.  Paul,  that  "  He  oflfered  Him- 
self without  spot  to  God." 

What  further  proof  does  the  Article  adduce? 

"  Sin,  as  St.  John  saith,  was  not  in  Him." 

Where  is  this  passage  ?  - 

1  St.  John  iii.  5. 

What  is  the  condition  of  all  other  men  1 

They  "  offend  in  many  things." 

Who  asserts  this  ?  , 

St.  James  iii.  2. 

Prove  that  those  who  are  baptized  and  born  again 
in  Christ  are  in  the  same  condition. 

1  St.  John  i.  8.     "  If  we  say  that  we  have  no  sin, 
*  we  deceive  ourselves,  and  the  truth  is  not  in  us." 

Show  that  this  applies  to  those  who  are  baptized 
and  born  again  in  Christ. 

'    St.  John's  Epistles  were  written  only  for  such  per- 
sons.  • 

Why  was  it  necessary  to  assert  that  Christ  alone 
is  without  sin  ? 

To  contradict  the  error  of  those  who  assert  that 
the  Blessed  Virgin  was  without  sin. 


IV 


I 

.Di,n  E 

't' 

♦"■'  '''■  Ij 

., '  '1  B 

1 

fi.  I 

■f- 

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m 

''.'it 


■  i    4    r  ?■ 

f.V:     " 


ilM'^^ 


■m 


I    E 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


Article  XVI. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  sixteenth  Article  1 

"  Sin  after  Baptism."  v 

What  led  to  the  drawing  up  of  this  Article  ?    • 

There  were  some  persons  who,  first,  said  "  that 
they  can  sin  no  more  as  long  as  they  live  here,"  and, 
secondly,  denied  "  the  place  of  forgiveness  to  such  as 
truly  repent." 

What  was  the  ground  of  the  first  opinion  ? 

The  belief  that  "  after  we  have  received  the  Holy 
Ghost,"  we  cannot  "  depart  from  grace  given." 

How  do  we  know  that  this  cannot  be  true  1 

1  Cor.  ix.  27  ;  Heb.  xii.  15.  St.  Paul  thought  it 
possible  for  a  person  "  to  fall  from  the  grace  of  God," 
and  even  for  himself  so  to  sin  as  to  be  "  a  castaway." 
See  also  Heb.  iii.  12,  13.  ^ 

What  evil  consequences  followed  from  this  error  ? 

When  these  persons  fell  into  sin,  they  would  not 
confess  that  it  was  sm,  and  thus  fell  from  one  degree 
of  sin  to  another. 

What  was  the  ground  of  their  second  opinion  ? 

They  thought  that  "  every  deadly  sin  committed 
after  baptism  is  sin  against  the  Holy  Ghost,  and  un- 
pardonable ;"  and  consequently  that  after  we  have 
departed  from  grace  given  by  deadly  sin,  we  cannot 
"  arise  again  and  amend  our  lives,"  ,  ,      ^ 

What  is  a  deadly  sin  ?  ^  .,   ^; 


ARTICLE   XVII. 


49 


A  sin  that  we  commit,  feeling  and  knowing  all  the 
time  that  we  are  doing  wrong.    ;  ;, 

Why  is  it  called  deadly  1  ..  ^   .  .   y. 

Because  so  long  as  we  persist  in  it,  we  continue 
under  the  wrath  of  God,  and  cut  off  from  Him. 

Prove  that  deadly  sins  wilfully  committed  after 
baptism  are  not  unpardonable. 

Because  St.  John  says  to  Christians,  "  If  any  man 
sin,  we  have  an  advocate  with  the  Father,  Jesus 
Christ  the  Righteous."  And  St.  Peter  encouraged 
Simon  Magus  to  hope  for  forgiveness  when  he  had 
committed  a  deadly  sin  after  baptism.  Acts  viii. 
Ij23.    ..  .,,-     ,  ..    .  , 

Prove  that  after  we  have  departed  from  grace 
given  and  fallen  into  sin,  we  may,  by  the  grace  of 
God,  rise  again  and  amend  our  lives.  -'..^       ^ 

St.  Peter  rose  again  and  amended  his  life,  after  he 
had  departed  from  grace  given  by  denying  his  Lord. 


^?A  ." 


Article  XVII. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  seventeenth  Article  1 

"  Predestination  and  Election." 
_,  What  is  meant  by  "  predestination  ?" 

"The  everlasting  purpose  of  God."    Eph.  iii.  11. 

When  did  He  make  this  purpose  ? 

"  Before  the  foundations  of  the  world  were  laid." 
,Eph.  i.  4.  'v     ■'■-'    -  ■-i'":r'' 

What  do  you  mean  by  "  election  *?" 

o 


.■<« 


If 


!si   '  K 


,  4 

!  , 

>^ 

!<* 

i 

f.; 
,\ 

-I  nv  > 


50 


CATECHISM   ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


'   God's  choosing  persons  out  of  the  rest  of  mankind. 

What  class  of  persons  does  predestination  benefit? 

Those  whom  God  "  hath  chosen  in  Christ  out  of 
mankind."     Eph.  i.  4,  5. 

Whom  then  hath  God  so  chosen  1  '■*'''*' 

Those  whom  lie  makes  members  of  Christ. 

And  whom  does  He  make  members  of  Christ  ? 

The  members  of  His  Church.  1  Cor.  xii.  27 ; 
Eph.  i.  23. 

To  what  benefit  are  they  predestined  ?  .  «<? 

"To  life."  '*•      '  ^     '  •  ['     '       ■■  '^ 

Explain  this  more  fully.  ''  v -.,.»» 

God  "  hath  constantly  decreed  by  His  counsel, 
secret  to  us,  to  deliver  them  from  curse  and  damna- 
tion, and  to  bring  them  by  Christ  to  everlasting  sal- 
vation." 

What  is  the  course  by  which  this  is  brought 
about? 

"  They  be  called,  according  to  God's  purpose,  by 
His  Spirit  working  in  due  season ;  they  through  Grace 
obey  the  calling :  they  be  justified  freely :  they  be 
made  sons  of  God  by  adoption  :  they  be  made  like 
the  image  of  His  only-begotten  Son  Jesus  Christ : 
they  walk  religiously  in  good  works,  and  at  length 
by  God's  mercy  they  attain  everlasting  felicity." 

Does  all  this  happen  to  all  the  members  of  the 
Church  ? 

It  happens  to  the  Church  as  a  spiritual  body,  but 
not  to  all  the  members  of  it. 


.*••,/.■ 


IP- 


ARTICLE   XVII.  .  , 


51 


What  makes  the  diflercnco  between  the  individual 
members  of  the  Cliurch  ? 

Heb.  iii.  12,  14,  lG-18 ;  iv.  11.  Whether  they 
hold  fast  their  faith  and  the  profession  of  it,  and 
labour  to  improve  the  privileges  bestowed  upon 
them ;  that  is,  whether  they  "  make  their  calling  and 
election  sure."    2  St.  Pet.  i.  10.  ^ 

Are  all  the  members  of  the  Church  then  predes- 
tined to  eternal  felicity  ] 

Yes  ;  but  only  on  condition  of  their  being  led  by 
the  Holy  Spirit.     Heb.  iii.  14. 

What  advantage  is  there  in  our  knowing  that  God 
has  so  predestined  and  elected  us  ? 

"The  fcOdly  consideration  of  Predestination,  and 
our  Election  in  Christ,  is  full  of  sweet,  pleasant,  and 
unspeakable  comfort."     Rom.  viii.  31-39. 

Are  all  the  members  of  the  Church  entitled  to  this 
comforts       ,-..::!   ^,     •    .,  .  .  ,       A 

No  :  only  "  godly  persons,  and  such  as  feel  in 
themselves  the  working  of  the  Spirit  of  Christ,  mor- 
tifying the  works  of  the  flesh  and  their  earthly  mem- 
bers, and  drawing  up  their  minds  to  high  and  heavenly 
things."     Rom.  viii.  14-17,  28. 

Why  are  these  the  only  persons  entitled  to  this 
comfort?  >  .. 

Because  they  are  the  only  persons  who  have  any 
sufficient  proof  that  they  have  improved  the  grace 
given  to  them.    ,,, .,,  ,,^.,  :,,,   i„ ;......  ...  ,.,  ,,^r. 


If 


52 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


Li 


In  what  manner  does  the  consideration  of  predes- 
tination comfort  such  persons  ? 

. "  It  doth  greatly  establish  and  confirm  their  faith 
of  eternal  Salvation  to  be  enjoyed  through  Christ," 
and  "  doth  fervently  kindle  their  love  towards  God.*^ 

What  is  meant  by  "  curious  and  carnal  persons  ?" 

Persons  who  inquire  into  religion  only  to  satisfy 
their  curiosity,  and  at  the  same  time  live  according 
to  their  natural  desires  and  inclinations.       '  ^*    '*" 

What  other  mark  have  such  persons  ?         "  ' ;■*  ^ 
,:  They  "  lack  the  Spirit  of  Christ."  ' '    ' '  •  *  ' 

'"'  What  is  to  be  understood  by  this  phrase  ? 

They  have  not  the  Spirit  of  Christ  so  dwelling  in 
them  as  to  be  governed  by  Him. 

What  is  the  consequence  when  such  persons  "  have 
continually  before  their  eyes  the  sentence  of  God's 
Predestination  1" 

,  It  becomes  "  a  most  dangerous  downfall,  whereby 
the  Devil  doth  thrust  them  either  into  desperation, 
or  into  wretchlessness  of  most  unclean  living,  no  less 


''i^Wx 


Ml 


•♦fy,i^ 


perilous  than  desperation."  -  '■ 

What  is  desperation?  "  '     '  '  ■  '''      '       ' 
Giving  up  the  hope  of  salvation. 
' '^\i2A,  \s  wretchlessness  ?  "    "''' ^ 

Recklessness  or  carelessness.  '  ""  *^' " 

How  does  the  consideration  of  God's  predestination 

produce  this  effect  upon  their  minds  ? 
•  They  misunderstand  the  nature  of  predestination, 

and  imagine  that  it  signifies  that  God  has  destined 


■^^■. 


ARTICLE   XVIII. 


53 


some  individuals  to  be  saved,  and  others  to  be  lost ; 
and  feeling  themselves  not  to  be  at  peace  with  God, 
they  are  apt  to  think  they  are  not  of  the  elect,  and  so 
cannot  be  saved.  V'ixi-  . 

Is  it  safe  for  persons  to  suppose  themselves  spe- 
cially predestined  by  God,  and  then  to  take  the 
promises  of  God  to  themselves  1 

No  :  for  "  God's  promises  must  be  received  in 
such  wise,  as  they  are  generally  set  forth  to  us  in 
Holy  Scripture."        •     ^  ^ 

How  is  that?        ^:'  "^^'-'-^   --'•'■    ■   •  -  "  -'^  ■  '-.■■';^#?.' 

They  are  addressed  to  classes  of  persons  in  general, 
and  not  to  individuals ;  and  therefore  we  must  see 
whether  we  have  the  marks  of  those  to  whom  they 
were  given.     '^    ^y"-v ■&-..* ^„    ^.-.^m-'::'-.  -;«.;'*-; 

Is  it  right  for  persons  to  suppose,  because  they  are 
God's  elect  people,  therefore  they  are  exempted  from 
the  ordinary  rules  of  Christian  duty  1 

No  :  "  in  our  goings  we  must  follow  that  will  of 
God,  which  we  have  expressly  declared  to  us  in  the 
Word  of  God."  .       ..       ..  .     ; 

■     /  Article  XVIII.  y 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  eighteenth  Article  ?  #-^ 

,    "  Of  obtaining  eternal  Salvation  only  by  the  Name 

of  Christ."  ^  ••    *■ '  ■■'"  ■  -  --^  '■•  ''=  ■^^'  '^"^A 

What  error  is  condemned  in  this  Article?      --«>^ 

The  opinion  that  "  every  man  shall  be  saved  by 

the  Law  or  Sect  which  he  professeth,  so  that  he  be 


54 


CATECHISM   ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


diligent  to  frame  his  life  according  to  that  law,  and 
the  light  of  nature."         •'^'      ,  ^..  v         m    t»  :^  K. 

What  statement  does  the  Article  make  in  oppo. 
sition  to  this  1 

"  Holy  Scripture  doth  set  out  unto  us  only  the 
Name  of  Jesus  Christ,  whereby  men  must  be  saved." 

Quote  a  passage  of  Scripture  asserting  this.     Acts 

How  does  this  agree  with  St.  Peter's  words,  that 
"  in  every  nation  he  that  feareth  God  and  worketh 
righteousness  is  accepted  with  Him  ?"     Acts  x.  35. 

St.  Peter  does  not  assert  that  any  of  these  persons 
can  be  saved,  except  through  the  merits  of  Jesus 
Christ.    * 

How  does  St.  Peter's  assertion  differ  from  the 
error  condemned  in  this  Article? 

The  opinion  condemned  in  the  Article  is  not  that 
persons  may  be  saved  in  the  law  or  sect  they  pro- 
fess, through  the  merits  and  atonement  of  Christ,  so 
that  they  live  faithfully  according  to  the  light  they 
have ;  but  that  they  may  be  saved  bi/  that  law  or 
sect,  by  following  it  and  the  law  of  nature. 

Why  are  those  who  hold  this  error  "  to  be  had 
accursed"?"      ^-  ^  f-' 

1.  Because  they  place  every  law  or  sect  upon  a 
footing  of  equality  with  the  Gospel,  and  thus  in  effect 
affirm  that  the  coming  of  Christ  in  the  fleyh  was  un- 
necessary :  2.  They  make  our  individual  profession  to 
be  the  only  test  of  truth,  instead  of  the  Word  of  God, 


N 


ARTICLE   XIX. 


55 


;  f>  .-.t 


PART  IV. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  fourth  division  of  the 
Articles?     ■  >    >;*,  ■  -  ,  ,•:.;  r-  ,_-  .f:v  ^^,..m  ..,•- .       .rr  , 
The  Church  and  her  ordinances.        •  ,  .     .,     ^.^r 
How  many  Articles  does  it  comprise  1  .    ..jj 

Eighteen,  from  the  19th  to  the  36th,  inclusive.     ;J 

Article  XIX.  :    ■  vy^A 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  nineteenth  Article  ? 
•   "The  Church."   ^  '^^ •;.-■-.-  '■'^i^^r-- :;-'•, v./. \,.v-.^l 

Why  is  the  phrase  "  visible  Church"  introduced  1 

To  show  that  we  are  not  speaking  of  those  who 
are  departed  to  their  rest,  nor  of  those  whom  God 
sees  to  be  the  only  true  members  of  His  Church,  but 
whom  man  cannot  distinguish  from  the  multitude  of 
those  who  are  only  outwardly  such. 

What  description  is  here  given  of  the  visible 
Church?     . 

It  is, "  a  congregation  of  faithful  men,  in  which  the 
pure  Word  of  God  is  preached,  and  the  Sacraments  be 
duly  ministered  according  to  Christ's  ordinance,  in 
all  those  things  that  of  necessity  are  requisite  to  the 
same." 

How  is  this  expressed  in  the  Latin  ? 

"  Ccetus  Fidelium;'  the  Body  of  the  Faithful. 

Do  we  mean  by  "  the  visible  Church"  here  the 


\MU 


50  CATECHISM    ON    THE   ARTICLES. 

whole  Church  of  Christ,  or  that  part  of  it  which  is 
visible  in  any  particular  place  ? 

The  definition  will  apply  to  either  one  or  the  other. 

What  seems  to  be  the  object  of  this  description  of 
the  Church?  '     -•  r.-^i^nz-f-^  ^^^f'  •;•'  -^-'^^ 

To  correct  those  accounts  of  the  Church  which 
make  things  necessary  to  its  subsistence  which  are 
not  really  so, — such  as  communion  with  the  see  of 
Rome,  &c. 

How  does  this  appear  to  be  the  intention  of  the 
Article?  .^  ..,,  ^.  _■>;:••■■  :-'-^   ......,..^^^    ,         .     ^.    _^_, 

,  Because  similar  statements  are  made  in  the  Hom- 
ily for  Whitsunday,  and  the  object  is  stated  to  be  to 
show  that  the  Church  of  Rome  has  no  exclusive  claim 
tp  obedience.  -   ^         •    ^*^ 

•   What  is  the  meaning  of  the  term  "Congregation  ?" 
^^  A  gathering  together  out  of  the  world  at  large. 
'«%  What  is  meant  by  "faithful  men?"  ..     .   ,    ,^,.,k,^. 

It  means  the  same  as  Christians.  »>:  l 

Is  this  in  accordance  with  Scriptural  usage  ?    \^/ 
:  Yes ;  see  Col.  i.  2,  where  the  whole  Church  of 
Colosse  are  addressed  as  "  faithful.''  .    m-^ 

. ,  What  is  "  the  pure  Word  of  God  ?"  '  " 

«'  The  doctrine  of  Holy  Scripture  as  received  and 
understood  by  the  Church  from  the  beginning. 
Gal.  i.  8. 

What  things  are  "  of  necessity  requisite"  to  the 
ministration  of  the  Sacraments  ? 

That  they  be    ministered  by   those    who  have 


,m.djnj 


ARTICLE   XIX. 


M^h 


received  authority  from  Christ  to  minister  them,  and 
that  they  be  ministered  according  to  the  form  which 
He  ordained. 

What  is  "  requisite"  to  the  form  of  baptism  ? 

That  it  be  administered  with  water,  in  the  Name 
of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

What  is  "requisite"  to  the  form  of  the  Lord's 
Supper "? 

That  the  elements  of  bread  and  wine  be  conse- 
crated in  the  appointed  manner,  to  become  spiritually 
the  body  and  blood  of  the  Lord,  and  be  delivered  to 
each  communicant  as  such  body  and  blood.    '   "  ^^*^^ 

Who  are  the  proper  ministers  of  the  Sacraments  ? 

Those  persons  in  each  Church  who  have  been  ap- 
pointed to  administer  them  by  authority  derived 
from  Christ  through  His  Apostles. 

In  what  respect  has  "  the  Church  of  Jerusalem 
eiTed?" 

In  the  person  of  Maximus,  its  bishop,  who  admit- 
ted Arius  to  communion,  after  he  had  been  excom- 
municated by  the  council  of  Nice,  without  renouncing 
his  heresy,   v 

What  was  his  heresy  ? 

Hj  taught  that  God  the  Son  is  not  equal  in  nature 
to  the  Father.  ^ 

In  what  respect  has  "  the  Church  of  Alexandria 
erred?" 

In  the  person  of  Dioscorus,  its  bishop,  who  coun- 
tenanced the  heresy  of  Eutyches.        . 


jj 


■'f  t 


A'S 


iX 


t     f  I 

! 


^"■'^t 


■■'/..  ■»,. 


58 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


What  was  that  heresy  ? 

That  in  Jesus  Christ  the  human  nature  is  swal- 
lowed up  in  the  divine  nature. 

In  what    respect    has    "  the  Church  of  Antioch 
erred  1"  ^  >    . 

In  the  person  of  Paul  of  Samosata,  its  bishop,  who 
taught  that  Jesus  Christ  was  a  mere  man. 

In  what  respect  has  "  the  Church  of  Rome  erred" 
in  "faith?" 

Not  to  mention  any  points  in  which  she  differs 
from  the  Church  of  England  or  the  Church  in  the 
United  States,  her  bishop  Eleutherius  countenanced 
Montanus,  Liberius  countenanced  Arlus,  Zosimus  fa- 
voured Pelagius,  and  Honorius  was  condemned  by 
the  sixth  general  council  as  a  Monothelite. 
r    What  was  the  heresy  of  Montanus  ? 

He  professed  that  God  had  intrusted  to  him  and 
to  his  associates  a  new  dispensation  of  the  Holy 
Spirit. 

What  was  the  heresy  of  Pelagius?  y 

See  the  ninth  Article.  . 

What  is  a  Monothelite  ? 

One  who  teaches  that  Jesus  Christ  had  no  distinct 
will  as  man,  His  human  will  being  swallowed  up  in 
the  divine. 

fet'.tf-.tf  >.*.». Akiiclk  XX.  "'v,«i' 

■^  What  is  the  subject  of  the  twentieth  Article  1 
U.  "  The  Authority  of  the  Church."  ^  ^"^f  ^ '-'' 


irmn 


..r 


>j;.?.-jU:^'Ii^j4 


,n5f,T:»rr.;   article  xx.  •  59 

What  Church  is  here  spoken  of?      '^  "^^  "^*'^ 

The  whole  visible  Church  and  every  branch  of  it. 

In  what  two  matters  has  the  Church  authority  ? 

In  rites  and  ceremonies,  and  in  controversies  of 
faith. 

What  is  its  authority  in  the  first  case"? 

It  has  power  to  decree  them. 

Show  that  this  power  is  recognised  in  I^oly  Scrip- 
ture. ^      "    "//:'     ' 

1  Cor.  xiv.  40.  St.  Paul  recognised  in  the  Church 
of  Corinth  the  power  to  provide  that  "  all  things  be 
done  decently  and  in  order ;"  which  implies  power  to 
decree  rites  and  ceremonies.  ' 

What  limit  is  there  to  this  power  ? 

The  Church  "  must  not  ordain  any  thing  contrary 
to  God's  Word." 

What  is  the  power  of  the  Church  in  controversies 
of  faith?  ^  ^^  V 

*  To  decide  them,  and  "  to  enforce"  the  doctrines  she 
decides  upon  "  to  be  believed  for  necessity  of  Salva- 
tion." ■    ''   ■    ■   .  -^ 

On  what  other  functions  of  the  Church  is  this  au- 
thority founded? 

On  her  being  "the  witness  and  keeper  of  Holy 
Writ." 

What  do  you  mean  by  her  being  "a  witness  of 
Holy  Writ?" 

That  she  testifies  what  is  to  be  received  as  Holy 
Writ  and  what  not.  *  -       "^ 


My  iff 


'^H% 


-•iU  i ' 


'     ■  I    ■ 


.11- 


•'.■■I'fy 


I' 


60 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


How  does  this  affect  the  decision  of  controversies 
of  faith  ? 

As  those  controversies  are  chiefly  decided  by  ap- 
peals to  Holy  Writ,  the  Church  has  authority  by  this 
means  to  determine  the  standard  of  appeal. 

How  is  the  Church  "  a  keeper  of  Holy  Writ  *?" 

Inasmuch  as  she  watches  over  the  copies  of  it,  to 
preserve  them  from  corruption,  and  possesses  author- 
ity to  dispense  the  doctrine  it  contains  to  the  people. 
J    How  does  this  affect  her  authority  in  controversies 
W  faith? 

;:    She  decides  them  by  declaring  the  correct  reading 
and  true  meaning  of  Holy  Writ. 

What  cautions  is  she  bound  to  observe  in  so  doing  1 

Not  to  ordain  or  decree  any  thing  to  be  believed 
which  is  contrary  to  Scripture,  not  to  expound  one 
place  of  Scripture  so  as  to  make  it  repugnant  to  an- 
other, and  not  to  enforce  any  thing  to  be  believed  for 
necessity  of  salvation,  in  addition  to  that  which  may 
be  gathered  from  the  Word  of  God.  a  %« 

How  does  the  Church  enforce  her  authority  1      . 

By  excluding  from  office  or  privilege  those  who 
refuse  to  comply  with  her  rites  and  ceremonies,  or 
who  deny  her  doctrines. 

How  are  we  to  be  informed  of  the  decisions  or 
decrees  of  the  Church  ?     -      -  ^'  - 

By  universal  custom,  by  universal  agreement  in 
doctrine,  or  by  a  formal  decree  of  some  general 
council,  generally  received  in  the  Church.    ,    ., 


>;,i}',V      ARTICLE   XXI,     r^rf,»"* 


61 


jcisions  or 


How  must  the  private  Christian  ascertain  these 
things'?  ,.>  -  ••   ■  •■  •  '        .  ^    ^      -^ 

Partly  by  his  own  observation,  partly  by  the  tes- 
timony of  others,  and  in  the  first  place  that  of  the 
bishops  and  clergy  of  his  own  Church.     ■ 

But  if  it  should  appear  to  him  that  his  own  Church 
ordains  things  repugnant  to  Holy  Writ,  or  expounds 
Scripture  so  as  to  make  one  passage  contradict 
another,  or  requires  things  not  revealed  in  Scripture 
to  be  believed  as  Articles  of  faith,  how  must  he  act  1 

He  must  obtain  better  instruction,  so  far  as  God 
may  place  it  in  his  power,  to  enable  him  to  judge 
whether  he  is  mistaken  or  not ;  and,  if  not  mistaken, 
whether  any  other  Church  has  better  claims  on  his 
allegiance. 


Article  XXI. 


■  ft 


fciif*  ^,:lJii 


[What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-first  Article  ?* 
"  The  Authority  of  General  Councils." 
What  do  you  understand  by  general  councils  1 
Councils  composed  of  bishops  assembled  from  all 
parts  of  the  Church,  and  intended  to  act  as  represent- 
ative bodies  for  the  whole. 

Have  all  general  councils  (so  called)  been  strictly 
of  this  character  *? 

•  The  twenty-first  Article  "is  omitted"  from  the  Articles  of  the 
Church  in  the  United  States,  "  because  it  is  partly  of  a  local  and  civil 
nature,  and  is  provided  for,  as  to  the  remaining  part  of  it,  in  other 
Articles."— JVotc  to  the  Title,  in  the  Articles  of  the  P.  E.  Church. 

It  is  thought  best  to  retain  the  explanation,  as  it  treats  of  matters  of 
some  importance,     tj  j^in;r  ';:''■  L:.::rM'\:^^^  li'-'^.f^rt  ;ii^-fX 


1 


Ji     i 


I  I. 


If-' 


■  ■! 


■t  ! 


It" 


-  f 

ft*'" 


CATECHISM   ON    THE   ARTICLES. 


I 


No ;  some  have  been  composed  of  bishops  repre- 
senting only  portions  of  the  Church.  But  the  Article 
means  all  which  were  at  that  time  commonly  con- 
sidered general,       w    -^  V.  .:        >,i. 

How  is  the  subject  of  general  councils  connected 
with  the  previous  Article?      '  ^  '<  •    ''    '''^ 

Because,  until  the  Church  w^as  separated  into  East 
and  West,  she  exercised  her  power  in  ordaining  rites 
and  ceremonies  and  her  authority  in  controversies  of 
faith,  by  means  of  general  councils. 

What  difficulty  is  there  in  procuring  the  assembling 
of  general  councils  ? 

They  "  may  not  be  gathered  together  without  the 
commandment  and  will  of  princes."        ''y     ' '      "  ' 

Why  not?  •         ./)Oi>Avit^lk 

Because  the  bishops  are  the  subjects  of  princes,  and 
may  not  place  themselves  under  the  influence  and 
power  of  foreign  princes  and  foreign  churches,  with- 
out the  consent  of  their  own  prince. 

Have  general  councils  been  usually  summoned  by 
the  commandment  and  will  of  princes  ? 

All  councils  having  any  title  to  be  considered  rep- 
resentative bodies  for  the  universal  Church  have  been 
so  assembled.  ?  .o.. .,....«.  ..v^^-i.; 

What  difficulty  is  there  as  to  the  authority  of  gen- 
eral councils  in  deciding  controversies  of  faith  ?      "-•> 

That  "  they  may  err  and  sometimes  have  erred  itt. 
things  pertaining  to  God." 

What  reason  is  assigned  for  this  in  the  Article  f 


ARTICLE    XXI. 


63 


That  "  they  be  an  assembly  of  men,  whereof  all 
be  not  governed  by  the  Spirit  and  Word  of  God." 

Give  some  examples  of  general  councils,  as  they 
were  considered,  which  have  erred  in  things  pertain- 
ing to  God.  V,.  , 

The  second  council  of  Ephesus  approved  the  heresy 
of  Eutyches ;  the  second  council  of  Nicaea  authorized 
the  worship  of  images  ;  the  council  of  Constance  for- 
bade priests  to  administer  the  Holy  Communion  to 
the  laity  in  both  kinds. 

What  conclusion  does  the  Article  draw  from  the 
fact  of  those  errors  of  general  councils  ] 

That  "  things  ordained  by  them  as  necessary  to  sal- 
vation have  neither  strength  nor  authority,  unless  it 
may  bp  declared  that  they  are  taken  out  of  Holy 
Scripture."  •  ■.      .',,     ■  ,;'* 

What  things  does  the  Article  declare  have  neither 
strength  nor  authority,  when  ordained  by  general 
councils,  unless  taken  out  of  Holy  Scripture? 

Things  ordained  by  them  as  necessary  to  salvation. 

Upon  what  principle  does  that  decision  rest  ? 

Upon  that  asserted  in  the  sixth  Article,  that  "  Holy 
Scripture  containeth  all  things  necessary  to  salva- 
tion." jj 

In  what  sense  are  we  to  understand  the  words 
"  unless  it  may  be  declared  that  they  are  taken  out 
of  Holy  Scripture  1" 

Unless  it  is  "read  therein,  or  may  be  proved 
thereby."    See  Article  VI. 


. !;(. 


'■    ■■  ■  i  i> 


■>  .% 


(;  ■■  t 


'rK.U 


r?r: 


'^■y'u^yi^e  ^-yjiu  n 


M 


CATECHISM    ON    TUB    ARTICLES. 


What  then  is  tho  use  of  the  decisions  of  general 
councils  in  controversies  of  faith  ? 

They  assist  us  in  understanding  tho  judgment  of 
the  Church.       -^'    •'  '•     "''  '  ■' •''"^' 

Does  the  decision  in  this  Article  interfere  with  the 
authority  of  general  councils  in  matters  not  of  faith  1 

No :  but  it  is  restricted  by  Article  XXXIV. 

Does  the  Church  of  England  reject  the  decision  of 
all  general  councils  in  matters  of  faith? 

No :  she  recognises  the  first  six  general  councils  as 
"received  and  allowed  of  all  men."  See  Homily  on 
Idolatry.]  ;    .' v  ,'    ^         '       ^    -  ^ 

Article  XXII. 


]0  I: 


(•"•■ 


f\??iV/ 


•  ■^* 


What  is  the  title  of  the  twenty-second  Article  ? 
"Of  Purgatory." 

Is  this  the  whole  subject  of  the  Article  ?      '''    ^^ 
No :  it  treats  of  "  the  Romish  Doctrine"  on  this 
and  other  subjects. 

What  is  meant  by  "  Romish  Doctrine  ?" 

The  doctrine  commonly  taught  in  the  Church  of 

Rome.  .^Z,:^::  -       ■  '■•^■.':      ^■-■-    '.V     :,  r...,.-..-.'v.  _M«ii'     -. 

On  what  particular  subjects  does  the  Article  as- 
sert their  doctrine  to  be  wrong  ?  -^-'^^ 

"Purgatory,  Pardons,  Worshipping  and  Adora- 
tion, as  well  of  Images  as  of  Relics,  and  also  Invoca- 
tion of  Saints." 

What  does  the  Article  say  concerning  their  doc- 
trine on  these  subjects  ?  , 


.f;' 


ARTICLE    XXII. 


05 


That  "it  is  a  fond  thing,  vainly  invented,  and 
grounded  upon  no  wairanty  of  Scripture,  but  rather 
repugnant  to  the  Word  of  God." 

What  is  meant  by  "  a  fond  thing?"  ,  .. 

A  foolish  thing. 

What  is  meant  by  saying  that  *'  it  is  grounded 
upon  no  warranty  of  Holy  Scripture  1" 

That  there  is  no  part  of  Scripture  which  really  sup- 
ports  It.  ,„,. 

What  is  the  Romish  doctrine  concerning  purga- 
tory? .    TT 

That  it  is  a  place  distinct  from  heaven  and  hell, 
where  the  spirits  of  persons  go  who  are  not  hopelessly 
lost,  but  have  not  been  fully  purged  from  their  sins 
here,  and  where  their  sins  are  purged  away  by  suf- 
ferings. 

Show  that  this  opinion  is  "  repugnant  to  the  Word 
of  God." 

Rev.  xiv.  13.  "Those  who  die  in  the*Lord  rest 
from  their  labours."  And  in  the  parable  of  the  rich 
man  and  Lazarus,  there  are  only  two  places  for  the 
dead,  one  of  happiness,  the  other  of  hopeless  tor- 
ment. Moreover,  "the  blood  of  Jesus  Christ  cleans- 
eth  us  from  all  sin."     1  John  i.  7.  '         r -^T 

What  is  the  Romish  doctrine  concerning  pardons  1 

That  the  Pope  has  the  power  of  remitting  a  por- 
tion of  the  pains  of  purgatory,  and  that  such  re- 
mission may  be  purchased  with  money. 

Prove  that  this  is  contrary  to  the  Word  of  God. 

6* 


t 

I 

H 

It 


I .' 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


In  the  parable  of  the  rich  man  and  Lazarus,  none 
can  pass  from  the  place  in  which  men  are  tormented 
to  paradise.  Moreover,  remission  of  sins  is  "the 
gift  of  God,"  which  "cannot  be  purchased  with 
money."    Acts  viii.  20.     --  ^  ■  • 

What  is  the  Romish  doctrine  concerning  the  wor- 
shipping and  adoration  of  images  ? 

That  we  ought  to  pay  the  same  honours  to  the 
image  of  Christ  or  of  any  of  his  saints  as  to  the  Origi- 
nal, and  that  we  may  pray  towards  the  image. 

Prove  this  contrary  to  Scripture. 

The  first  is  directly  contrary  to  the  second  com- 
mandment, and  the  second  is  contrary  to  the  spirit 

of  it.  '    •-:•     ■l--<:-"Y'^t'J^i-    :i     »i\  -s'l,     , 

What  is  the  Romish  doctrine  concerning  the  wor- 
shipping and  adoration  of  relics '^ 

That  they  are  to  be  venerated,  and  that  prayer 
may  be  made  towards  them. 

How  is  Ihis  contrary  to  the  Word  of  God  1 

God  hid  the  body  of  Moses  to  prevent  the  Israel- 
ites from  paying  homage  to  it. 

What  is  the  Romish  doctrine  concerning  the  invo- 
cation of  saints  ?  '  ..         .  ,    V  .„  .,y,„. 

That  prayer  may  be  addressed  to  those  saints  who 
are  supposed  to  Have  gone  to  heaven  immediately 
after  death.  vt?  <  ^wL^ 

Prove  it  contrary  to  the  Word  of  God. 

It  prevents  multitudes  from  having  habitual  re- 
course to  the  intercession  of  Jesus  Christ,  which  we 


sion. 


:i"a>M 


ARTICLE   XXIII. 


67 


us,  none 
>rmented 

is  "the 
sed   with 

the  wor- 

s  to  the 
the^rigi- 

)nd  com- 
the  spirit 

the  wor- 

t  prayer 

n  ^"'^ 
be  Israel- 

the  invo- 

lints  who" 
lediately 


>itual  re- 
•vhich  we 


are  taught  in  Scripture  was  one  great  end  of  His 
incarnation.     See  Heb.  iv.  15,  16. 
In  what  other  respect  is  it  contrary  to  the  Word 

of  God ?  .-•  .'T, .-•  ".If \ -^' ».■-;•-  'O^  />x.» 

It  supposes  that  the  saints  departed  know  the 
hearts  of  men,  which  is  the  attribute  of  God  only. 
1  Kings  viii.  39.    •^i>r'ii -^rviin^.-^i^  n- ■■'';  v  iiW 


Article  XXIII. 


H^ 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-third  Article  1 
"  Ministering  in  the  Congregation." 
What  do  you  understand  by  ministering? 

.  "  Public  preaching,  or  ministering  the  Sacraments." 
What  do  you  understand  by  the  congregation  ?  p»»,i 
Not  any  particular  assembly,  but  the  Church  of 

Christ  generally.   -^^  tH .^^wr^ai;- -f^^-  !.v?wu?  ;j^  ' 
What   do   you  understand  by  "ministering  the 

Sacraments?"  -   -  ^     ^        •-  x  fW  , 

Giving  or  dispensing  them  to  the  people.  -   "f»i 

What  is  required  before  it  is  lawful  for  a  person' 

to  "  take  upon  him  the  office  of  public  preaching,  or 

ministering  the  Sacraments  ?"  ,.  ,  , 

He  must  "  be  lawfully  called  and  sent  to  execute'* . 

that  office.  ^'«-?^'iV  f^itt  ""  >•■  •:<^/]-"'f':  -Mvi;  "^/i:  ?'/:^ai 

Why  is  that  necessary ?  f*  .:{?  ^d^ut  o:  'v  t\ 

Because  in  so  doing  he  is  acting  as  the  steward  or 

ambassador  of  Christ;   and  it  cannot  be  right  to 

undertake  to  act  as  such  without  a  lawful  commis-vf 


EMi 


%     I 


J  -A 


a 


H^  ii 


sion. 


"-,r. 


% 


68  CATECHISM   ON    THE   ARTICLES. 

§  How  do  you  prove  that  this  is  the  character  he 


■..',•..' ;  1    tri'- 


.assumes?  > 

I;  Titus  i.  7 ;  2  Cor.  v.  20. 

Give  a  further  reason. 

Because  St.  Paul  has  laid  down  rules  for  choosing 
those  who  were  to  minister  in  the  congregation,  which 
would  have  been  superfluous  if  men  might  take  the 
office  upon  them  without  lawful  authority.  See  1 
Tim.  iii.  2-4 ;  iv.  14 ;  Tit.  i.  5-9. 

What  persons  "  ought  we  to  judge  lawfully  called 
and  sent"  to  execute  the  office  of  ministers  1 

"Those  who  are  chosen  and  called  to  this  work  by 
men  who  have  public  authority  given  unto  them  in* 
the  congregation,  to  call  and  send  ministers  into  the 
Lord's  vineyard."  .,;        ^  ?;.  i^ 

What  is  meant  by  "  the  Lord's  vineyard  ?" 
I'  "  The  Congregation,"  that  is,  the  Church  at  large. 

Who  are  the  "men  who  have  public  authority 
given  unto  them  in  the  Congregation  to  send  Ministers 
into  the  Lord's  vineyard  ?"        -     -     -  r  -  -   - 
"  The  bishops  of  the  Church.      ^^  -'''■■■'  >- '' 

How  do  we  know  that  this  is  the  meaning  of  the 
Article?  i^.-i^r^x  -^■.:-¥-' 

Because  the  service  for  the  Ordination  of  ministers 
declares  that  no  man  shall  be  accounted  for  a  lawful 
minister,  unless  he  be  called  and  admitted  thereto 
according  to  that  service,  or  has  been  already  or- 
dained by  a  bishop. 

How  does  that  prove  that  the  bishops  are  the 


# 


.  ?>;jv>t^  ARTICLE  XXIII.  :fimAti 


09 


men  who  have  public  authority  given  them  to 
ordain?  "  :«  i   !/vfLfi<r  <«ii*^ 

Because  the  service  does  not  allow  any  to  be  or- 
dained except  by  a  bishop.      *  ^^  ^-"    .-^'-  >'i; 

Why  is  the  office  confined  to  the  bishops  ?  * 

Because  they  are  the  only  ministers  who  have  ever 
received  authority  to  ordain ;  and  a  person  can  never 
possess  authority  to  ordain  others  to  be  stewards  and 
ambassadors  of  Christ,  unless  he  has  received  it  from 
thrist  and  His  Apostles. 

How  do  we  know  that  the  bishops  have  received 
this  authority?      ^■j;-/iie^%'.?;.f^>-v  am*  ^^r^i'-/-4.f^''"*'' 

Because  in  the  Church  of  England  and  in  many 
other  Churches,  we  can  tell  from  the  records,  who 
ordained  almost  every  bishop  one  after  another,  up 
to  the  very  Apostles  themselves. 

And  how  is  it,  where  you  cannot  trace  them  up  in 
this  way  ? 

It  has  always  been  the  known  rule  that  no  bishop 
could  be  made,  except  in  public,  nor  without  be- 
ing ordained  by  those  who  were  bishops  before 
him.      •  ^tySr\ij'^f\^mii-<yv^mm-A^'\fi  -n^^  . 

In  what  manner  does  a  bishop  call  and  send  men 
to  execute  the  office  of  ministers  ?       ^  <.i  •  ^ 

He  lays  his  hand  on  their  heads  and  prays  to  God 
for  them,  and  then  in  the  Name  of  God  gives  them 
the  power  of  "  forgiving  and  retaining  sins"  together 
with  authority  to  preach  God's  holy  Word  and  to 


,♦,  ? 


iff' 


0W^ 


iS'tf  ■■*-  ■ 


I     '. 


:f 


n 


t  ^^'.1 


I 


administer  the  Sacraments. 


■«'J4fj>»    '.r»jKi  i^iT*?    »••» 


70 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


'    Have  all  ministers  equal  authority  to  administer 
the  Sacraments  ?  ' 

No:  there  are  two  orders,  priests  and  deacons, 
under  bishops ;  and  the  deacon  can  only  administer 
Baptism  in  the  absence  of  the  priest,  and  assist  the 
priest  in  administering  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's 
Body  and  Blood,  but  not  solemnize  it  himself. 


n>^''-  '^:^     ':'^  ■'^■.Ats*''  ..^y'irz'y.i'f: 


^,- 


Mi   Kl    -\.M*yV;' 


Article  XXIV. 

I  What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-fourth  Article  ? 

"  Speaking  in  the  Congregation."      r  ■^viij^Hr-'Kfr  ' 

What  kind  of  speaking  is  meant?       *'  .^^.w. . 

"  Public  prayer  or  ministering  the  Sacraments." 

What  does  the  Article  say  upon  this  subject  ? 

That  it  is  requisite  to  speak  "  in  such  a  tongue  as 
the  people  understandeth."    ,  v,  ...  -r  ,;..  ,>  a-%.  v»«*r 

For  what  reason  ? 
r   Because  "  it  is  plainly  repugnant  to  the  Word  of 
God  and  the  custom  of  the  Primitive  Church"  to  do 
otherwise.  <idj»   ?-*^,.ykf   ^;- 

Prove  that  it  is  repugnant  to  the  Word  of  God. 

1  Cor.  xiv.  9,  16,  19.  St.  Paul  condemns  the 
practice  of  praying  in  a  language  unknown  to  the 
congregation. 

Show  that  it  is  repugnant  to  the  practice  of  the 
Primitive  Church. 

Even  those  who  do  the  contrary  acknowledge  this 
to  be  the  fact. 


.^ 


#1^*;'sm- ARTICLE   XXV. 


administer 

d  deacons, 
administer 
assist  the 
the  Lord's 
self. 


h  Article  ? 


'4f 


ments." 
)ject  ? 
tongue  as 

Word  of 
ch"  to  do 

)f  God. 
emns  the 
vn  to  the 

ce  of  the 

ledge  this 


.#-i 


■  ■vtft' 


What  necessity  was  there  for  making  any  state- 
ment on  this  subject  ? 

Because  before  the  Reformation  it  was  the  custom 
of  the  Church  in  England  to  celebrate  divine  service 
in  Latin.  .>^„^, 

How  came  that  to  be  the  case? 

Because  at  one  time  Latin  was  the  only  written 
language  in  the  west  of  Europe. 

»        "    *     Article  XXV. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty^fth  Article?  * 
"  The  Sacraments."  • 

What  two  kinds  of  Sacraments  are  treated  of  in 
this  Article? 

"  Sacraments  ordained  of  Christ,"  and  "  those  five, 
commonly  called  Sacraments."  / 

What  is  the  nature  of  the  "Sacraments  ordained 
of  Christ  in  the  Gospel  ?"         .ir  /.i     ...    ^   v,.,;>  w« 
They  are  "not  only  badges  or  tokens  of  Christian 
men's  profession,  but  rather  sure  witnesses  and  effect 
ual  signs  of  grace  and  God's  good  will  towards  us."  >i 
What  Sacraments  answer  to  this  description  ? 
"Baptism,  and  the  Supper  of  the  Lord." 
What  then  does  the  Article  assert  respecting  Bap- 
tism and  the  Lord's  Supper  ? 

1.  That  they  are  badges  or  tokens  of  our  Christian 

profession;   -f-' ^^ '.:;---- -^^    -  -^f^.^&.  .^■u,,r>i 

2.  That  they  are  sure  witnesses  and  effectual  signs 
of  God's  grace  and  good  will  towards  us. 


u  ■ 


i\.i  ,\ 


.ii 


72 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


In  what  manner  ai'e  these  signs  of  God's  good  will 
effectual?  - 

*  "  He  works  invisibly  by  them  in  us,  and  not  only 
quickens  our  faith  in  Him,  but  also  strengthens  and 
confirms  it."  .--  ..         .       —      ^    .  . 

What  is  meant  by  quickening  our  faith  V^'^  ^'■ 
^  Bringing  it  to  life ;   or,  infusing  new  life.     See 
1  Pet.  iii.  18  ;  Eph.  ii.  1,  5.  ^^  ■'''■  -'"-^^'^ 

Which   are   the   "  five  commonly  called  Sacra- 
ments ?" 

"  Confirmation,  Penance,  Orders,  Matrimony,  and 

Extreme  Unction."  -'- 

^  Are  these  five  now  commonly  called  Sacraments  ? 

Not  in  the  Church  in  England   or  the   United 
States,  -nHi^f^y^^'- 

When  were  they  commonly  so  called  1    A'i»«M 
*^  At  the  time  when  the  Articles  were  first  drawn 
up,  that  is,  at   the   Reformation;   and  before  that 
period. 

In  what  respect  do  "  those  five"  differ  from  "  the 
Sacraments  cf  the  Gospel  1" 

Some  of  them  "  have  grown  of  the  corrupt  follow- 
ing of  the  Apostles,"  and  others  "  are  states  of  life 
allowed  in  the  Scriptures,  but  yet  have  not  any 
visible  sign  or  ceremony  ordained  of  God." 
'■'  Which  of  them  "  have  grown  of  the  corrupt  fol- 
lowing of  the  Apostles  1" 
^  Confia-malion,  Penance,  Extreme  Unction. 

In  what  sense  can  Confirmation  be  said  to  have 


good  will 

not  only 
;hens  and 


life.     See 

ed  Sacra- 

mony,  and 

craments  ? 
he  United 


irst  drawn 
before  that 

from  "the 


■upt  follow- 
ates  of  life 
^6  not  any 

Borrupt  fol- 

m. 

bid  to  have 


ARTICLE   XXV. 


19 


gi'own  out  of  the  corrupt  foUowmg  of  the  Apos- 
tles 1  •  i 

Li  the  manner  in  which  it  was  administered  in  the 
CJhurch  of  England  before  the  Reformation. 

What  was  there  corrupt  about  it  ? 

The  original  sign  or  ceremony  of  laying  on  of 
hands  was  discontinued,  and  anointing  with  ointment 
used  in  the  place  of  it. 

In  what  sense  did  Penance  "  grow  out  of  a  corrupt 
following  of  the  Apostles  f 

Because  it  was  used  in  a  manner  they  never  in- 
tended. :     -,    ;      "> 

What  was  the  nature  of  the  Penance  they  or- 
dained? '-r  '^   '    ■■■'■''  ■       •      ^ 

Exclusion  from  the  communion  of  the  Church,  on 
account  of  very  great  sins,  until  restored  by  compe- 
tent authority,  after  having  given  sufficient  evidence 
of  repentance. 

What  corruption  had  befen  made  in  it  ? 

Confession  of  sins  to  a  priest  and  submission  to 
such  penalties  as  he  imposed  were  made  essential'  to 
communion,  even  when  persons  had  not  fallen  into 
any  great  sin. 

How  has  the  Church  of  England  acted  in  regard  to 
confirmation  and  penance  ? 

She  has  restored  them*  more  nearly  to  the  custom 
of  the  Primitive  Church. 

Does  it  therefore  follow  that  they  are  raised  ta 
the  rank  of  Sacraments  ? 

..:„,»,v 


.'f 


La. 


74 


CATECHISM    OK   THE   ARTICLES. 


No :  they  are  excluded  by  the  definition  contained 
in  the  Catechism,  because  they  are  not  "generally 
necessary  to  salvation." 

In  what  respect  did  Extreme  Unction  "  grow  out 
of  a  corrupt  following  of  the  Apostles  f 
c  It  was  applied  to  a  totally  different  purpose  from 
the  anointing  appointed  by  the  Apostles. 

How  so  ?  -;      ;;      "  ^^ 

The  anointing  practised  under  the  sanction  of  the 
Apostles  was  for  the  restoration  of  sick  persons  to 
health,  and  for  the  forgiveness  of  their  sins ;  but 
Extreme  Unction  is  for  persons  at  the  point  of  death, 
and  only  for  their  spiritual  benefit.  See  St.  James 
V.  14,  15. 

i,  What  is  meant  by  "  orders  f 
.  The  condition  or  state  of  a  minister  of  the  Church, 
whether  bishop,  priest,  or  deacon. 

What  is  meant  by  calling  it  and  matrimony 
"  states  of  life  allowed  in  the  Scriptures  f 

That  the  Scriptures  authorize  persons  to  marry 
and  to  be  admitted  to  Holy  Orders. 

In  what  respect  are  orders  and  matrimony  inferior 
to  Baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper  ? 

They  "  have  not  any  visible  sign  or  ceremony  or- 
dained of  God." 

For  what  uses  were  "the  Sacraments"  not  or- 
dained'?* 

*  *'The  Sacraments'*  here  means  the  elements  of  the  Eucharist  «n/y. 
See  Britton's  Sacramental  Articlest  pp.  94-101. 


(( 


j:^v4.>r«t      ARTICLE   XXVT. 


■  ■  I   *• 


75 


"  To  be  gazed  upon  and  carried  about." 

Why  is  this  mentioned  ? 

Because  at  the  time  of  the  Reformation,  instead  of 
"  taking  and  eating,"  many  persons  thought  it  enough 
to  be  spectators  at  the  celebration  of  the  Holy  Eu- 
charist in  church,  or  on  the  processions  that  were 
observed  in  honour  of  it.      - 

In  what  persons  have  "  the  Sacraments"  "  a  whole- 
some effect  or  operation  f  f*^ 

"  In  such  as  worthily  receive  them."  ' 

What  is  their  effect  upon  those  who  "  receive  them 
unworthily?"  •  -■'  '  ^*^ 

"  They  purchase  to  themselves  damnation,"  i.  e., 
they  remain  under  God's  condemnation  until  they 
repent. 


^./>i 


Article  XXVI. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-sixth  Article  ? 

"The  Unworthiness  of  Ministers."  -**; 

What  is  meant  by  their  unworthiness  ? 

Their  not  living  in  such  a  way^  as  God  expects  His 
ministers  to  live  in. 

How  does  it  come  that  there  are  unworthy  minis- 
ters 1 

Because  "  iii  the  visible  Church  the  evil  are  always 
mingled  with  the  good,  and  therefore  sometimes  the 
evil  have  chief  authority  in  the  Ministration  of  the 
Word  and  Sacraments." 


ms 


Iii 


t6 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


Ought  we  not  to  refuse  the  ministry  of  unworthy 
ministers  ? 

No :  "  we  may  use  their  ministry,  both  in  hear- 
ing the  Word  of  God  and  in  receiving  the  Sacra- 
ments." 

On  what  ground  are  we  justified  in  so  doing  1 

Because  they  do  these  things  "not  in  their  own 
name,  but  in  Christ's,  and  do  minister  by  His  com- 
mission and  authority." 

Give  an  instance  of  Christ  Himself  appointing  one 
to  the  ministry,  knowing  that  he  would  prove  un- 
worthy. 

Judas  the  traitor. 

But  shall  we  derive  any  benefit  from  the  ministry 
of  wicked  men  ? 

Yes ;  if  we  ourselves  be  desirous  of  God's  grace  : 
for  "the  effect  of  Christ's  ordinances  is  not  taken 
away  by  their  wickedness;"  nor  is  "the  grace  of 
God's  gifts  diminished,"  if  we  "receive  the  Sacra- 
ments rightly  and  with  faith."  ^ 

How  is  this  explained  ? 

Because  the  Sacraments  are  "  effectual,  because  of 
Christ's  institution  and  promise." 

But  ought  unworthy  ministers  to  remain  in  the 
exercise  of  the  work  of  their  ministry  ? 

By  no  means ;  it  belongs  to  the  discipline  of  the 
Church  that  inquiry  should  be  made  concerning  evil 
ministers,  and  that  they  should  be  accused  by  those 
that  have  knowledge  of  their  offences. 


"•<iSBli4'- 


ARTICLE    XXVII. 


77 


f  unworthy 

>th  in  hear- 
the  Sacra- 

ioing  1 

their  own 
y  His  corn- 
pointing  one 

prove  un- 


le  ministry 

od's  grace : 
not  taken 

e  grace  of 
the  Sacra- 


because  of 

lain  in  the 

)line  of  the 
lerning  evil 
d  by  those 


What  order  does  the  Churcii  of  England  take  for 
such  inquiry  1  '        ' 

It  is  the  office  and  practice  of  the  bishops  to  make 
such  inquiry  at  their  visitations. 

In  what  manner  can  they  be  informed  of  their 
offences  1 

The  churchwardens  are  bound  to  make  report  on 
such  subjects  at  the  bishop's  visitation.* 

And  if  the  ministers  be  found  to  be  evil  men,  what 
ought  to  be  the  consequence  ? 

*'  Being  found  guilty,"  the  discipline  of  the  Church 
requires  that  they  should  "  be  deposed."  ' 

What  are  we  to  understand  by  being  deposed  ? 

That  they  should  be  degraded  from  the  office  of 
the  ministry,  either  for  a  time  or  altogether. 

By  whom  may  this  be  done  1 

By  the  authority  of  the  bishop  in  accordance  with 
the  laws  of  the  Church. 

Article  XXVII.      ^'^■'-  '''  ^^ 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-seventh  Article  ? 
"Baptism." 

What  is  the  first  thing  asserted  in  the  Article  con- 
cerning Baptism  ? 
That  it  is  "  a  sign  of  profession,  and  mark  of  dif- 


*  The  Church  in  the  United  States  provides  in  her  canons  respecting 
the  ''offences  for  which  the  ministers  shall  be  tried  and  punished," 
and  the  wav  in  which  this  shall  be  done.  ^  ' 


».«' 


'"'■f,- 


78 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


fercnce,  whereby  Christian  men  arc  disccmed  from 
others  that  be  not  christened." 

What  is  meant  by  being  christened? 

Being  made  Christians.  .  •. 

Why  is  Baptism  the  mark  of  difference  between 
Christians  and  those  who  are  not  so  1 

1.  Baptism  is  the  outward  sign  by  which  we  pro- 
fess  ourselves  Christians  ;  and, 

2.  A  man  cannot  be  a  Christian  except  through  the 
favour  of  God ;  which  is  signified  by  Baptism. 

.,,  What  is  meant  by  saying  that  it  is  "  not  only  a 
sign  of  profession,"  &c.  ? 

That  it  is  something  more. 

Why  was  it  necessary  to  state  this?  t  » 

Because  there  were  some  who  denied  that  it  was 
any  thing  more.  •  *     v  • 

*J  What  then  is  it  in  addition  ? 

It  is  "  an  effectual  sign  of  Regeneration  or  New- 
Birth." 

Why  do  we  all  need  regeneration  ? 

Because  we  are  all  born  in  sin,  and  are  conse- 
quently under  God's  displeasure.     See  Article  IX. 

In  what  way  is  Baptism  a  sign  of  regeneration  ? 
^v  "  They  that  receive  Baptism  rightly  are  by  it,  as 
by  an  instrument,  grafted  into  the  Church;"  and 
"  the  promises  of  forgiveness  of  §in,  and  of  our  adop- 
tion to  be  sons  of  God  by  the  Holy  Ghost,  are  visibly 
signed  and  sealed." 

Why  are  we  to  conclude  that  these  benefits  are 


ARTICLE   XXVII. 


79 


actually  conveyed  to  those  who  arc  rightly  bap- 
tized? *    ^ 

1.  Because  it  is  the  efTect  of  an  instruiifbnt,  signed 
and  sealed,  to  convey  the  benefits  engaged  by  itj 
and, 

2.  Because  Sacraments  are  in  their  nature  "  sure 
witnesses  and  effectual  signs,  by  which  God  doth 
work  invisibly  in  us." 

What  further  benefit  may  be  expected  in  Baptism  ? 

"  Faith  is  confirmed,  and  Grace  increased  by  virtue 
of  prayer  unto  God." 

What  does  the  Article  declare  m  regard  to  "  the 
Baptism  of  young  Children  f  .    -  ' 

That  it  "  is  in  any  wise  to  be  retained  m  the 
Church."     V  .  ., 

What  facts  does  this  declaration  imply  ?  ^ 

That  the  baptism  of  infants  was  the  established 
custom  of  the  Church,  and  that  some  persons  were 
desirous  that  it  should  not  be  retained. 

Who  were  those  persons  ? 

The  Anabaptists. 

What  is  the  meaning  and  origin  of  their  name  ? 

It  signifies  that  they  repeated  baptism;  that  is,  they 
baptized  again  at  adult  age  those  who  had  been  bap- 
tized in  infancy.  ■ 

Why  should  Infant  Baptism  be  retained  in  the 
Church?  ^  »  -"  '- 

Because  it  is  "  most  agreeable  with  the  institution 
of  Christ."  .  s  - 


t 


&. 


?5. 


80 


CATECHISM   ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


,  How  arc  we  assured  of  this  1        i     >  '  - 

1.  Because  the  Church  practised  it  from  the  very 
beginnings  which  she  would  not  have  done,  if  it  had 
not  been  agreeable  to  Christ's  institution.  •    ^ 

2.  Because  the  benefits  of  it  are  such  as  infants 
need  and  are  capable  of. 

Why  do  infants  need  to  be  ingrafted  into  the 
Church  ? 

Because  out  of  it  there  is  no  promise  of  salvation. 

Why  do  they  need  remission  of  sins  1 

Because  they  are  born  in  original  sin.  ■■  •'   ' 

Why  do  they  need  the  gift  of  the  Holy  Ghost  ? 

Tn  order  that  from  the  very  first  their  flesh  may 
be  controlled  by  the  Spirit.  -  * ' 

How  do  we  l^now  that  infants  are  capable  of  being 
grafted  into  the  Church  and  receiving  remission  of 
sins? 

Because  they  had  both  in  circumcision. 

How  do  W3  know  that  they  are  capable  of  re- 
ceiving the  Holy  Ghost  1 

Because  John  the  Baptist  was  filled  with  the  Holy 
Ghost  from  his  mother's  womb.  -^    * 

Article  XXVIII.  '   . 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-eighth  Article  ? 
"  The  Lord's  Supper  J'  or  the  Holy  Eucharist. 
What  is  the  first  thing  the  Article  declares  con- 
cerning it?  ;'—    - ,  v^ 


ARTICLE    XXVIII. 


81 


1  the  very 
,  if  it  had 

as  infants 

into  the 

salvation. 


Ghost  1 
flesh  may 

e  of  being 
aission  of 


\Ae  of  re- 
the  Holy 


Article? 


arist. 


lares  con- 


That  it  "  is  a  sign  of  the  love  that  Christians  ought 
to  have  among  themselves  one  to  another." 

How  is  it  sol 

Because  they  all  partake  together  of  the  same 
food. 

Show  that  this  is  intended  to  be  the  meaning  of  it. 

1  G)r.  X.  19,  compared  with  xii.  26.  St.  Paul 
teaches  those  who  communicate  herein  that,  inas- 
much as  they  "  are  all  partakers  in  that  one  bread," 
they  are  "  one  body ;"  and  that  in  a  body  "  if  one 
member  suffer,  all  the  members  suffer  with  it,  or  if 
one  member  be  honoured,  all  the  members  rejoice 
with  it." 

How  does  this  answer  to  the  account  of  Sacraments 
in  Article  XXV.  that  they  are  "  tokens  of  Christian 
men's  profession*?" 

Christians  profess  to  be  parts  of  the  same  body, 
and  children  of  the  same  Father. 

But  what  is  this  Sacrament  besides  and  beyond 
this?  ■       .  17 

It  is  "  a  Sacrament  of  our  redemption  by  Christ's 
death."  ^  - 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  Sacrament  here  used  ? 

To  signify  "  an  effectual  sign"  of  divine  appoint- 
ment. See  Article  XXV.  It  is  therefore  a  memo- 
rial of  the  sacrifice  of  Christ's  death,  effectual  to  our 
redemption,  f  Compare  1  Cor.  xi.  26 ;  Gal.  iii.  1. 

What  then  is  the  effect  of  the  Sacrament  on  those 
who  rightly  partake  in  it?     . i..^ -.*  ^  '^   /  ■    '  *     ? 


W  ■  ■■"  ■ 


i'v  . 


■L.I, 


82 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


"  To  such  as  rightly,  worthily,  and  with  faith,  re- 
ceive  the  same,  the  Bread  which  we  break  is  a  par- 
taking  of  the  Body  of  Christ ;  and  likewise  the  Cup 
of  Blessing  is  a  partaking  of  the  Blood  of  Christ." 

Prove  from  Holy  Writ  that  it  is  so. 

1  Cor.  X.  16. 

How  then  is  this  Sacrament  effectual  to  our  re- 
demption ?  ' 

Because  receiving  Christ  we  receive  all  the  benefits 
of  His  passion.  .        -  ■;  /v    '■ 

Is  Christ  then  received  in  the  Holy  Sacrament  ? 

He  is  verily  and  indeed  "given,  taken,  and  re- 
ceived by  the  faithful."  ' .. 

What  kind  of  receiving  do  you  call  this  ?         1 ' 

A  real,  spiritual,  not  a  carnal  receiving. 

Would  it  be  more  real  if  it  were  carnal  instead  of 
spiritual  ? 

No :  spiritual  things  are  more  real  than  things 
which  we  see.         -     : ,         -        tt 

What  is  "  transubstantiation  ?"  >/i.; 

The  supposed  change  of  the  substance  of  the  bread 
in  the  sacrament  into  the  substance  of  the  Flesh  of 
our  Lord,  and  the  change  of  the  substance  of  the  wine 
into  the  substance  of  His  Blood,  although  the  appear- 
ance and  other  outward  qualities  of  the  bread  and 
wine  still  remain. 

"Why  was  it  necessary  to  make  anyiBtatement  on 
this  subject  1  ,     . 

Because  at  the  Reformation  it  was  commonly  sup- 


Bed 


'5«'l' 


ARTICLE    XXVIII. 


■J  tt 


83 


posed  that  transubstantiation  really  took  place  in  the 
lord's  Supper. 

What  does  the  Article  assert  with  regard  to  this 
opinion  ? 

1.  It  " cannot  be  proved  by  Holy  Writ;" 

2.  It  "  is  repugnant  to  the  plain  words  of  Scrip- 
ture ;"      -^i-':     ■"   ■  ■    ■     ■■•v^.  -  -     •'■■     ■  ■•    ■  ■  ■■-;•  •■■-•.■•'■■^ 

3.  It  "  overthroweth  the  nature  of  a  Sacrament ;" 

4.  It  "  hath  given  occasion  to  many  superstitions." 
How  can  the  opinion  of  transubstantiation  be  said 

to  be  repugnant  to  the  plain  words  of  Scripture  ?  '  '■ 

Matt.  xxvi.  29  ;  1  Cor.  xi.  26-29.  Our  Lord  calls 
the  wine  "  the  fruit  of  the  vine"  in  speaking  of  the 
Apostles'  drinking  it ;  and  St.  Paul,  in  speaking  of 
the  Holy  Sacrament,  repeatedly  calls  it  "  eating  bread 
and  drinking  of  the  cup." 

How  can  it  be  said  to  overthrow  the  nature  of  a 
Sacrament?  '■  '  "  ■ "  '  •  '  -  * 
i^i  Because  in  a  Sacrament  a  sign  is  requisite  ;  but  if 
the  bread  and  wine  be  actually  changed  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  Body  and  Blood  of  the  Lord,  the  sign  no 
longer  exists  to  be  partaken  of. 

But  are  the  bread  and  wine  in  the  Lord's  Supper 
nothing  but  common  bread  and  wine  1 

They  are  much  more  than  this ;  for  in  and  by 
them  the  Body  and  Blood  of  Christ  are  "  given"  by 
the  priest  to  each  communicant,  and  "  taken  and 
eaten"  by  him.    ^  •         '»  '       "'  ^         ♦ ' 

How  can  they  be  so  given,  taken  and  eaten  ? 


wmi 


84 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


1  ( 


U 


i> 


"  After  a  heavenly  and  spiritual  manner." 
•  By  what  means  can  we  receive  and  eat  the  Bodj 
of  our  Lord  in  this  heavenly  and  spiritual  manner  1 

By  faith. 

Show  that  this  is  the  doctrine  of  the  Scripture. 

St.  John  vi.  47,  54.  Our  Lord  promises  eternal 
life  equally  to  those  who  believe  in  Him,  and  to  those 
who  eat  His  Flesh  and  drink  His  Blood. 

Why  is  faith  the  means  of  this  spiritual  eating  ? 

Because  it  is  the  soul  which  teeds  on  the  Body  and 
Blood  of  our  Lord,  whilst  the  body  feeds  on  the  out- 
ward signs.  '  '        '^       -  * 

What  is  the  last  assertion  in  the  Article  ? 

"  The  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper  was  not  by 
Christ's  ordinance  reserved,  carried  about,  lifiei  up, 
or  worshipped." 
r  Does  any  one  deny  this  ?  -? 

No :  the  ancient  customs  of  the  Church  prove  it. 

What  does  the  Church  wish  us  to  derive  from  this 
assertion?  .      ■    .,>;..  ,   :      v 

That  as  it  is  wrong  to  worsliip  the  Sacrament,  so  it 
was  better  to  give  up  the  custom  of  reserving  and 
carrying  it  about,  which  had  led  to  such  a  "  supersti- 
tious" use. 


^  Article  XXIX. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-ninth  Article  1 
"  The  Wicked,  which  eat  not  the  Body  of  Christ 
in  the  use  of  the  Lord's  Supper."    '       v  -    ^-^-r   i 


•ftv.  ;>,*i;    ARTICLE   XXX. 


85 


Why  was  it  necessary  to  make  this  denial  ?      > 

Because  those  who  believed  in  transubstantiation 
believed  that  the  wicked  were  partakers.        jri.if . 

Why  cannot  they  be  ? 

Because  they  are  "  void  of  a  lively  faith,"  and  con- 
sequently have  not  the  means  of  being  "  partakers  of 
Christ." 

What  is  the  whole  extent  to  which  wicked  people 
partake  of  Christ  in  the  Sacrament]  •  ,   .  ;   '  ^  «>•?;<;; 

St.  Augustine  saith,  "  that  they  carnally  and  visibly 
press  with  their  teeth  the  Sacrament  of  the  Body  and 
Blood  of  Christ."  •  .     >,  , 

What  effect  has  this  partaking  upon  them  ?      - 

They  "  eat  and  drink  the  sign  of  so  great  a  thing 
to  their  condemnation." 

Show  that  this  is  the  doctrine  of  Holy  Scrip- 
ture. ^ 

1  Cor.  xi.  29. 


Article  XXX. 

What  is  the  title  of  th'  thirtieth  Article  ? 
«  Of  both  Kinds."  ^^  .  . 

What  is  meant  by  this  ? 
"  Both  parts"  of  the  Holy  Sacrament.  / 

What  does  the  Article  say  upon  this  subject  ? 
That  "  the  Cup  of  the  Lord  is  not  to  be  denied  to 
the  Lay-pe©ple."  .... 

Who  are  the  lay-people  ?      *  ■   -''t  ri^i,"-' 

All  persons  except  clergymen.  >5i  ..;4]i 

8 


r.,  ■ 


-t< 


>;  '.ii 


86 


CATECHISM    ON   THE    ARTICLES. 


Why  was  it  necessary  to  say  that  the  cup  of  the 
Lord  is  not  to  be  denied  to  them  ? 

Because  when  the  Reformation  began  they  were 
not  allowed  to  partake  of  it. 
-  How  did  this  happen?     - 

It  arose  from  superstitious  veneration  for  the  sacred 
elements,  as  supposing  some  portion  of  the  conse- 
crated wine  might  be  spilled  from  the  chalice,  in 
administering  it  to  them. 

Why  should  not  the  cup  be  denied  to  lay-people  1 

Because  "  by  Christ's  ordinance  and  commandment, 
both  parts  of  the  Sacrament  ought  to  be  ministered 
to  all  Christian  men  alike." 

How  does  that  appear  ? 

Because  our  Lord  appointed  the  cup  to  be  partaken 
of  in  the  same  manner  as  the  bread  ;  and  St.  Paul, 
in  writing  to  the  Corinthians,  makes  no  difference  be- 
tween the  two,  although  writing  to  the  whole  Church. 

Give  a  further  reason. 

Because  our  Lord  appointed  each  of  the  elements 
by  consecration  to  communicate  a  particulai-  blessing, 
and  therefore  those  who  deny  the  cup  to  lay-people 
deprive  them,  so  far  as  lies  in  their  power,  of  a  por- 
tion of  the  benefit  of  the  Sacrament. 

Article  XXXI.  > 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-first  Article  ? 
The  one  Oblation  of  Christ  finished  upon  the 
Cross."  "  .•    '•  ■■^-^-  '^      - 


W 

Th 


origm 


ARTICLE    XXXI. 


87 


J  cup  of  the 
I  they  were 


r  the  sacred 
the  conse- 
chalice,  in 

ay-people  1 
mandment, 
ministered 


e  partaken 
:1  St.  Paul, 
ference  be- 
le  Church. 

J  elements 

V  blessing, 

lay-people 

of  a  por- 


;icle?     - 
upon  the 


What  is  the  meaning  of  oblation  ?    .   ^    ;  ^^  i  ^^ 

Offering.  , .  r 

"What  does  the  Article  teach  upon  this  subject  1 

That  "  the  Offering  which  Christ  once  made  upon 
the  Cross  is  the  perfect  redemption,  propitiation,  and 
satisfaction,  for  all  the  sins  of  the  whole  world,  both 
original  and  actual :,"  and  that  "  there  is  no  other 
satisfaction  for  sin,  but  that  alone."       ■' 

What  must  we  understand  by  saying  that  the  of- 
fering of  Christ  is  a  redemption  ? 

That  His  life  was  paid  as  a  price  to  redeem  man- 
kind from  everlasting  death. 

What  is  meant  by  saying  that  it  is  a  propitiation  ? 

That  it  is  the  means  oi  reconciling  man  to  God. 

And  by  speaking  of  it  as  a  satisfaction?         ■  ;  • 

Tliat  it  makes  amends  for  all  the  sin  of  all  luen. 

What  occasion  was  there  for  the  protestation  made 
in  these  words  of  the  Article  1 

Because  there  was  a  prevalent  opinion  that  every 
time  the  priest  celebrated  the  Eucharist,  he  "  offered 
Christ  again  in  sacrifice  for  the  quick  and  the  dead, 
so  that  they  hereby  have  remission  of  pain  and 
guilt." 

Prove  that  the  sacrifice  of  Christ  cannot  be  re- 
peated. :i 

Hebrews  x.  11-14, 18.  St.  Paul  expressly  teaches 
that  the  sacrifice  of  Christ  differed  from  those  of  the 
Jewish  priesthood  in  this  respect,  that  "  by  His  one 
offering  He  hath  perfected  for  ever  them  that  are- 


U 


•5'  t  , 


I 


88 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


sanctified,"  and  that  there  is  therefore  now  "  no  more 
offering  for  sin." 

What  then  are  the  "  sacrifices  of  Masses"  spoken 
of  in  the  Article  1 

"  Mass"  means  the  Holy  Eucharist ;  and  it  was 
supposed  that  the  priest  was  able  to  make  it  avail- 
able for  the  sins  of  any  particular  person  he  chose  ; 
and  consequently  many  thought  they  could  be  for- 
given their  sins  by  merely  "  hearing  mass  and  being 
blessed  with  the  '"halice ;"  and  persons  paid  priests 
for  celebrating  the  mass  for  the  remission  of  the  pain 
and  guilt  of  their  departed  friends. 

Why  are  these  practices  called  "  fables  ?" 

Because  they  rest  upon  no  solid  foundation.      ;?!' 

Why  "  blasphemous  ?" 

Because  they  have  a  tendency  to  lessen  in  men's 
minds  the  value  of  the  atonement  which  Christ  made. 

Why  are  they  called  "  dangerous  deceits  ?" 

Because  there  was  found  to  be  danger  of  their  de- 
ceiving men,  by  leading  them  to  suppose  that  they 
could  be  delivered  from  punishment  by  the  sacrifice 
of  the  mass,  without  any  repentance. 

Why  then  is  Christ  called  our  great  High  Priest  now  ? 

Because  He  pleads  the  merits  of  the  one  Sacrifice 
of  the  Cross  before  His  Father  in  heaven.  Hebrews 
vii.  24,  25. 

When  does  He  do  this  especially  1 
.    When  we  celebrate  the  Sacrament  of  our  redemp- 
tion. 


■^i^H 


(■a- 


:ti- 


!^Vl't^ 


(( 


V  "  no  more 

3es"  spoken 

and  it  was 

ke  it  avail- 

he  chose ; 

uld  be  for- 

3  and  being 

)aid  priests 

of  the  pain 

...  ....^ , 

tion. 


1  m  men's 
irist  made. 
sT 

)f  their  de- 
that  they 
he  sacrifice 

*riestnow? 
e  Sacri'fice 
Hebrews 


ir  redemp- 


ARTICLE    XXXII. 


Article  XXXII. 


>  '<•,,'':'•''' 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-second  Article  ? 

"  The  Marriage  of  Priests."       '.•.';.,•     '* 

What  does  it  teach  in  regard  to  their  marriage  ? 

That  "  it  is  lawful  for  them,  as  for  all  other  Chris- 
tian men,  to  marry  at  their  own  discretion,  as  they 
shall  judge  the  same  to  serve  better  to  godliness." 

Why  was  it  necessary  to  make  this  declaration  ? 

Because  for  several  centuries  the  Church  had  for- 
bidden persons  in  holy  orders  to  marry,  and  rec^uired 
them  to  "  vow  the  estate  of  single  life"  before  she 
would  admit  them  to  holy  orders. 

Upon  what  ground  does  the  Article  declare  it 
lawful  for  the  clergy  to  marry "?  >  >  k--     .: 

Because  "  they  are  not  commanded  by  God's  Law, 
either  to  vow  the  estate  of  single  life,  or  to  abstain 
from  marriage."  •  —  ,   -• .  '^f 

Is  there  any  one  who  denies  this  ? 

No.  '  ■  ■  '    '  '  ^'--^ 

Upon  what  ground  then  does  the  Chur^  of  Eome 
now  require  celibacy  from  the  clergy  1 

Because  she  thinks  celibacy  a  holier  state  than 
marriage,  and  chooses  to  require  that  state  from  her 
clergy. 

May  not  a  law  of  the  Church  make  it  a  duty  to 
abstain  from  that  which  would  otherwise  be  law- 
ful? ^ 


■>v'=vr'»A 


hUi 


ill 


•;■  1 


■'■  ■  '    i 


A  A 


90 


CATECHISM    ON   THE    ARTICLES. 


Undoubtedly,  except  some  great  evil  is  likely  to 
follow  from  the  prohibition. 

How  does  it  appear  that  it  is  dangerous  to  forbid 
the  clergy  from  marrying  1 

Because  our  Lord  speaks  of  the  power  of  living  in 
celibacy  as  a  special  divine  gift  to  individuals,  (St. 
Matt.  xix.  12,  13,)  but  what  could  scarcely  be  ex- 
pected in  an  entire  class  of  men. 

Does  the  Article  give  the  clergy  an  unlimited  au- 
thority to  marry  at  their  discretion  ?     •  '    '    > 
'''No:  it  authorizes  marriage  only  "as  they  shall 
judge  the  same  to  serve  better  to  godliness."        ■'**''' 

What  is  the  custom  in  the  Greek  Church  ? 

The  ordinary  parochial  clergy  are  allowed  to  marry, 
but  Bishops  and  confessors  are  taken  from  the  un- 
married clergy. 


Article  XXXIII. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-third  Article  ? 
"  Excommunicate  Persons."       *    v   -v* 

What  do  you  mean  by  an  excommunicate  per- 
son?     -'^-^*--^-  •-V.--^v   ..^.,,,., 

"  That  person  which,  by  open  denunciation  of  the 
Church,  is  rightly  cut  off  from  the  unity  of  the 
Church." 

What  do  you  understand  by  "  open  denunciation 
of  the  Church  ?"  ,.^       .    _. 

An  open  publication  made  from  the  altar  by, the 
priest,  upon  the  authority  of  the  bishop,  that  he  has 


.•tJ 


ARTICLE    XXXIII. 


s  likely  to 

IS  to  forbid 

)f  living  in 
iduals,  (St. 
ely  be  ex- 

imited  au- 

they  shall 

to  marry, 
n  the  un- 

-^  '■■■:-.-'i>  ,^ 

.'ticle  ? 

cate  per- 

on  of  the 
y  of  the 

unciation 

T  by. the 
t  he  has 


passed  upon  any  particular  person  the  sentence  of 
excommunication. 

Who  has  authority  to  pass  the  sentence  of  excom- 
munication ?  '■  -  -    •"      ...        .    , 

The  bishop  of  the  diocese,  or  a  judge  deputed  by  him. 

Why  is  this  publication  called  the  denunciation  of 
the  Church  1  ' 

Because  it  is  done  by  those  whose  authority  so  to* 
do  the  Church  has  always  recognised.  ' 

What  do  you  mean  by  "  rightly  cut  off?" 

Cut  off  for  some  great  sin,  and  after  proper  trial 
by  the  bishop  or  his  deputy. 

What  is  meant  by  being  "  cut  off  from  the  unity 
of  the  Church  f  .    -       - -• 

Being  separated  from  the  communion  and  society 
of  the  Church,  so  as  no  longer  to  be  reckoned  to 
belong  to  it.  =.  >;.         %     •       -;^*,w 

What  does  the  Article  say  of  such  a  person  ? 

That  he  is  "  to  be  taken  of  the  whole  multitude  of 
the  faithful,  as  a  Heathen  and  Publican." 

What  is  meant  by  "  the  whole  multitude  of  the 
faithfuH" 

The  whole  body  of  Christians.    "         -         •' 

In  what  manner  is  he  to  be  treated  1  ''m-^*  -. 

He  is  "  to  be  avoided."  .^v.-^i^J 

How  long  is  he  to  be  so  treated  ?      *^   '  '''*f  "'^ 

"  Until  he  be  openly  reconciled  by  penance,  and 
received  into  the  Church  by  a  Judge  that  hath  au- 
thority thereunto." 


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CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


What  do  you  understand  by  "  penance  1" 

Such  outward  exercise  of  penitence  as  may  satisfy 
the  Church.  -  ^    ^^    ..  .>     . 

What  do  you  understand  by  being  "  reconciled  by 
penance  1" 

Reconciled  to  the  Church  by  the  discharge  of  the 
penalties  imposed.  ,  ,, , 

•    What  is  the  effect  of  being  so  reconciled  1  -  v    j 
'     That    the    persons    are   received    back    into   the 
Church.       '  »v  -^.,;-  .''■M:^:<.  :y-y       ,  .,,..,, 

By  whom  are  they  so  received  ? 

"  By  a  Judge  that  hath  authority"  to  receive  them 
back  again.      ^      -.  .     .v  ^  ..  5 ;     ■:  - 

?^    From  whence  must  he  receive  his  authority  1   t    . 

From  the  bishop  of  the  diocese. 

What  is  the  chief  mark  of  their  being  received 
again  into  the  Church  ? 

They  are  allowed  to  partake  of  the  Holy  Com- 
munion.     .- -V -,,.,..,.-..;,,,_,, --.    K«-  .    .   -.'.■--.. 


'"^^g^ii^f^ 


-;•;.- r:t 


[...  ..       Article  XXXIV. 

J     What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-fourth  Article  1 

"  The  Traditions  of  the  Church."  r  *     ,. 

What  is  here   meant  by  the  traditions  of  the 
Church? 

Its  customs  of  a  ceremonial  nature. 
i    What  does  the  Article  declare  respecting  them  1 

That  "  it  is  not  necessary  that  they  should  be  in 
all  places  one,  or  utterly  alike." 


't^«  i  "  -=  ARTICLE   XXXIV. 


93 


What  occasion  was  there  for  making  this  declara- 
tion ?  ^'  "•  ■ 

Because  the  Court  of  Rome  endeavoured  to  bring 
all  Churches  to  use  the  same  customs  and  ceremonies. 

What  ground  is  stated  for  this  declaration  ? 

"  At  all  times  they  have  been  diverse ;"  and  con- 
sequently they  "  may  be  changed  according  to  the 
diversities  of  countries,  times,  and  men's  manners." 

What  caution  must  be  observed  in  changing  such 


traditions?  ■  -•■'  •*/•*«  .^i'^''  ./^  •¥■'•.■.,  ;.'h;-^  ■.^'■'■^•v::^^;.^^'^'^^; 

"  That  nothing  be  ordained  against  God's  Word." 

Since  traditions  may  be  changed,  is  it  lawful  for 
any  individual  to  depart  from  them  at  his  discretion  ? 

No :  provided  they  be  "  ordained  and  approved 
by  common  authority,"  and  "  not  repugnant  to  the 
Word  of  God." 

What  is  meant  by  "  common  authority  ?" 

The  general  authority  of  the  Church,  expressed  in 
an  authorized  manner.'  -    < 

What  is  that  authorized  manner  in  the  Church  of 
England  1 

The  convocation  of  the  bishops  and  clergy,  with 
the  sanction  of  the  sovereign.  *  ^''' 

What  is  that  authorized  manner  in  the  Church  in 
the  United  States  ? 

The  General  Convention  of  the  Church,  in  which 
the  Bishops  and  Delegates  of  the  clergy  and  laity  are 
duly  assembled. 

What  is  said  in  the  Article  respecting  those,  who, 


»•*>«?!! 


mm 


04 


CATECHISM   ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


"  through  their  own  private  judgment,  willingly  and 
purposely,  do  openly  break"  such  traditions  ? 

That  they  "  ought  to  be  rebuked  openly." 

On  what  grounds  ? 

Because  they  offend  "  against  the  common  order 
of  the  Church,  and  hurt  the  authority  of  the  Magis- 
trate, and  wound  the  consciences  of  weaker  brethren." 

Do  all  these  reasons  apply  in  all  Churches  ? 

No :  the  second  does  not  apply  in  countries  where 
the  civil  rulers  do  not  uphold  the  laws  of  the  Church. 

How  are  the  consciences  of  weaker  brethren  wound- 
ed by  such  conduct  1 

They  learn  to  break  the  laws  of  the  Church,  by 
seeing  others  do  it.       '...  -..  -, ■ .     .:  ^^     -  r     , , .     ;      : 
.   If  individuals  may  not  break  the  traditions  of  the 
Church,  who  may  change  them? 

"  Every  particular  or  national  Church  hath  au- 
thority to  ordain,  change,  and  abolish.  Ceremonies  and 
Rites  of  the  Church." 

May  such  Churches  abolish  any  ceremonies  they 
think  proper  ? 

.  The  Article  merely  asserts  that  they  may  change 
or  abolish  such  as  are  "  ordained  only  by  man's  au- 
thority." /,;^-  V  ; ,;.- ;- 

In  so  doing  what  caution  must  be  observed  ? 
.    "  That  all  things  be  done  to  edifying."        >    ^  •■ 
,    Who  is  to  be  judge  of  this  1  - 

Those  who  are  in  authority  in  the  Church. 


'ii-t. 


ARTICLE   XXXV. 


95 


J..-  ,'• ":. 


V  - 


man  s  au- 


Articlk  XXXV.         ^    >  i.  H 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-fifth  Article  ? 

"  The  Homilies." 

What  do  you  understand  by  the  Homilies  1    ' 

Two  books  of  discourses  or  sermons,  published  in 
England,  in  the  reigns  of  King  Edward  the  Sixth  and 
Queen  Elizabeth,  by  public  authority,  and  appointed 
to  be  "  read  in  Churches  by  the  Ministers." 

What  was  the  occasion  of  their  publication  ? 

The  clergy  for  the  most  part  were  very  ignorant, 
and  unfit  to  teach  the  people  themselves,  and  there- 
fore books  of  instruction  were  provided  for  them. 

What  is  said  respecting  these  Homines  1 

That  they  "  contain  a  godly  and  wholesome  Doc- 
trine, and  necessary  for  these  times." 

For  what  times  ?    "  '    -■      ^   '  •  ' 

For  the  times  in  which  they  were  drawn  up. 

Why  were  they  particularly  suited  for  those  times  ? 
'  Because  they  opposed  the  prevalent  errors. 

Does  this  declaration  pledge  the  Church  to  every 
statement  contained  in  the  Homilies  ? 

No  :  only  to  the  general  course  of  doctrine. 

Give  the  names  of  the  Homilies  in  the  first  book. 

1.  A  fruitful  exhortation  to  the  reading  of  Holy 
Scripture.  •  ■     i 

2.  Of  the  Misery  of  all  Mankind.  ' 

3.  Of  the  Salvation  of  all  Mankind.    -    ' 


^M 


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1  ■■■=-.'='■*■ 

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^:     ■■ 

t   .')■'■- 

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•♦ 

CATECHISM    ON    THE   ARTICLES. 


?'- 


"t" 


4.  Of  the  true  and  lively  Faith.     -  ''      *  '  " 

5.  Of  good  Works. 

6.  Of  Christian  Love  and  Charity. 

7.  Against  Swearing  and  Perjury. 

8.  Of  the  declining  from  God. 

9.  An  Exhortation  against  the  Fear  of  Death. 
,,!  10.  An  Exhortation  to  Obedience. 

s   11.  Against  Whoredom  and  Adultery. ,  .  i,, 
%,  12.  Against  Strife  and  Contention. 

Give  the  names  of  the  Homilies  in  the  second  book. 

1.  Of  the  right  Use  of  the  Church. 

2.  Against  Peril  of  Idolatry.     - 

3.  Of  repairing  and  keeping  clean  of  Churches. 

4.  Of  good  Works :  first  of  Fasting. 

5.  Against  Gluttony  and  Drunkenness,    s.  ,.  .  r 
„ 6.  Against  Excess  of  Apparel.  •;,  -%."^' 

7.  Of  Prayer.  .        ;      . . 

8.  Of  the  Plan  and  Time  of  prayer. ;,'  ",  .,v-,  ,>;  u 

9.  That  Common  Prayer  and  Sacraments  ought 
to  be  ministered  in  a  known  tongue ;  or,  as  it  is  in 
the  Book  of  Homilies,  of  Common  Prayer  ^nd  Sac- 
raments. 

10.  Of  the  reverend  Estimation  of  God's  Word ; 
or.  An  Information  of  them  which  take  offence  at 
certain  places  of  Holy  Scripture. 

11.  Of  Alms-doing ;  or,  of  al^is-deeds.  ,  ;■' 
,    12.  Of  the  Nativity  of  Christ. 

13.  Of  the  Passion  of  Christ ;  (the  book  adds)  for 
Good  Friday. 


,--3^^        ARTICLE    XXXV.    f^Ci^^ 


97 


)eath. 


►nd  book. 


r*". 


'ches. 


its  ought 
IS  it  is  in 
And  Sac- 

s  Word ; 
ffence  at 

idds)  for 


14.  Of  the  Resurrection  of  Christ ;  (the  book  adds) 
for  Easter  Day. 

15.  Of  the  worthy  receiving  of  the  Sacrament  of 
the  Body  and  Blood  of  Christ. 

16.  Of  the  Gifts  of  the  Holy  Ghost ;  or,  an  Homily 
concerning  the  coming  down  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  for 
Whitsunday.  ., 

17.  For  the  Rogation-days  ;  or,  an  Homily  for 
Rogation  week.     -    .  r, ,^ 

18.  Of  the  State  of  Matrimony.  .    . 

19.  Against  Idleness.  ;.  V. 

20.  Of  Repentance,  (the  book  adds)  and  true  Rec- 
onciliation to  God.  "    '    • 

21.  Against  Rebellion ;  or,  an  Homily  against  Dis- 
obedience and  wilful  Rebellion. 

Why  cannot  the  Church  be  supposed  to  be  pledged 
to  every  statement  in  the  Homilies  ? 

1.  Because  they  are  not  drawn  up  with  the  care- 
fulness of  doctrinal  treatises ;  s^   V         <'K     ;^? 

2.  Because  they  are  occasionally  at  variance  with 
the  Articles ; 

3.  Because  they  are  occasionally  inconsistent  with 
each  other.  ^  -*^  -  s^-; 

What  particular  Homily  has  special  authority  in 
matter  of  doctrine  1 

That  on  "  the  Salvation  of  all  Mankind.        ;^-^*j|i 

Why  so? 

Because  it  is  specially  referred  to  in  the  eleventh 
Article.  ,v.  ^  .-v.*  ^v^-  r-  ■ .  -  ::c  ■ ,  • 


m 


^ 


i 


•,  ill   ui 


X^vi 


mm 


98 


CATECHISM   ON    THE   ARTICLES. 


On  what  grounds  does  the  Church  in  the  United 
States  receive  this  Article  1 

Because  it  considers  the  Book  of  Homilies  "  to  be 
an  explication  of  Christian  doctrine  and  instruction 
in  piety  and  morals."  .... 

>  What  parts  of  the  Homilies  are  considered  as 
inapplicable  to  the  circumstances  of  the  Church  in 
America?     i.tit  ,,Ki    ;>;.:;>•  ii^'i^ivi:--;^''    oir,  I'-'i  ., 

All  those  which  have  "  references  to  the  constitu 
tion  and  laws  of  England." 


rf\ 


,:.   U'l'fA^.   -Ah  ''\*'^ 


What  is  said  of  the  order  for  reading  the  Homilies 
in  Churches?    ••^■- ••:':.- v.^.,;/:  ^;  .•..,  :v,sij:  -»    0^ 

It  is  suspended.  .h    '  :  '    "i'.;v»>i,:(i 

t.  Until  when  ? 

"Until  a  revision  of  them  may  be  conveniently 

Why  is  a  revision  necessary?  i-.u-U  ■/vy^-->  r 

'Z'  In  order  to  clear  them  from  obsolete  words  and 
phrases  and  from  local  references. 


fi)'W  l'.^<>J■•^l^v  ^i} 


..  .'-.N^yA 


Article  XXXVI. 


:   /»¥      -  :>t 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-sixth  Article  ? 
i4  "  The  Consecration  of  Bishops  and  Ministers." 
Whom  do  you  understand  under  the  name  of 

Archbishops  likewise. 
if  And  vv^hom  under  the  name  of  ministers  ?     >'>i^ 
.:  Priests  and  deacons.  ,yi^y^A 


ill       ARTICLE   XXXVI.   -^'.rr^.^ 


99 


the  United 

lilies  « to  be 
d  instruction 

onsidered  as 
le  Church  in 

the  constitu 

the  Homilies 


conveniently 
e  words  and 

Article? 
listers." 
e  name  of 


s? 


■>J^f4 


What  is  the  consecration  of  priests  and  deacons 
called?  , 

".Ordering"  or  ordaining. 


k  1     x*  •'•f  ■  1  - 


M 


How  has  the  Church  in  the  United  States  provided 
for  the  consecration  and  ordination  of  her  bishops 
and  ministers  ? 

By  the  book  "  set  forth  by  the  General  Convention 
ofthis  Church  in  1792." 

What  does  the  Article  declare  concerning  those 
who  have  been  or  shall  be  consecrated  or  ordered 
according  to  the  rites  of  that  book  ? 

That  "  they  be  rightly,  orderly,  and  lawfully  con- 
secrated and  ordered." 

On  what  ground  is  this  asserted  ? 

1.  Because  that  boo^  "  doth  contain  all  things  ne- 
cessary to  such  Consecration  and  Ordering  ;" 

2.  Because  it  contains  nothing  "  that  is  of  itself 
superstitious  and  ungodly." 

What  things  are  necessary  to  the  consecration  of 
a  bishop  in  the  United  States  ? 

That  he  be  consecrated  by  at  least  three  bishops, 
one  orderly  presiding,  and  the  other  bishops  present 
joining  with  him  in  laying  on  of  hands. 

What  things  are  necessary  to  the  ordination  of  a 
priest?  . 

That  it  be  done  by  a  bishop,  other  priests  laying 
on  their  hands  likewise. 

What  is  necessary  to  the  ordering  of  a  deacon  ? 


■  Mi? 


Hvf^    'I 


ft. 


ml  \ 


100 


CATECHISM    ON   THE    ARTICLES. 


That  it  be  done  by  the  laying  on  of  the  hands  of  a 
bishop. 

How  does  it  appear  that  this  is  all  that  is  neces- 
sary ?  ^      .r  .  ' 

Because  such  was  the  practice  of  the  Primitive 
Church. 


■>^:J     •- 


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ARTICLE    XXXVII. 


101 


lands  of  a 

is  neces- 

Primitive 


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.•S        '. '■.i.' 


PART  V. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  Articles  contained  in 
the  fifth  division  ? 
The  civil  duties  of  the  members  of  the  Church. 

■1 

What  Articles  does  it  contain  ? 

The  thirty-seventh,  thirty-eighth,  and  thirty-ninth. 

„.:.:,  _:  '''■'■' '"'Article  XXXVII.  '^\"^  '"'' '■'t'^^ 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-seventh  Article  1 

"The  Civil  Magistrates."* 

What  is  the  meaning  of  that  expression  1 

The  rulers  or  governors  pertaining  to  this  world,    , 

[Who  is  the  chief  of  these  ?       ;  ;^  *,-^<.  ,,f  ^i 

The  king  or  qu^en.     t  .-.  ;  >.;  .,>  ,i;^.a,  ^,^j  ^^^ 

What  power  has  he  in  consequence ?     ^u    \.  >>'U 

He  has  "  the  chief  government  of  all  estates  in 

the  realm,  whether  they  be  ecclesiastical  or  civil.'* 
What  is  meant  by  "  all  estates  in  the  realm  1"        j 
All  ranks  and  classes  of  persons  in  the  kingdom. 
What  is  meant  by  "  ecclesiastical  estates  ?"  ^ 

Classes  of  persons  in  the  ministry  of  the  Church. 
What  is  the  effect  of  the  king's  having  the  chief 

government  of  all  classes  1 

*  Much  of  this  Article  differs,  as  set  forth  by  the  Church  of  England, 
trom  that  form  given  it  by  the  P.  E.  Church  in  the  United  States.  But 
the  explanation  of  the  English  Article  is  retained,  on  account  of  its  im- 
portant statements  concerning  the  usurpations  of  the  Bishop  of  Rome. 

9* 


.,  I'. 


it". 


I,;' 


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% 


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4'4;.^- 


102 


CATECHISM   ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


1.  That  the  govcrnipcnt  of  the  kingdom  "  is  not 
nor  ought  to  be  subject  to  any  foreign  jurisdic- 
tion." •  '   I 

2.  That  the  sovereigns  of  England*  "  should  rule 
all  states  and  degrees  committed  to  their  charge  by 
God,f  whether  they  be  ecclesiastical  or  temporal,  and 
restrain  with  the  civil  sword  the  stubborn  and  evil 
doers."  . 

What  is  meant  by  saying  that  the  kingdom  [coun- 
try] is  not  subject  to  any  foreign  jurisdiction  ? 

That  no  ruler  in  any  foreign  country  has  any  pow- 
eror  authority  over  the  government  of  the  kingdom 
jcountFf^ither  in  Qjurch  or  State. 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression,  "  is  not  nor 
ought  to  be  subject  1"  '^•v    ■■■■ 

That  it  is  not  so  by  right  at  present,  and  ought  not 
to  be  made  so  at  any  future  time.  .    *        c  ^    '.^^i 

What  occasion  was  there  for  making  this  declara- 
tion? "     ^-'   '■      ■^--  -■■*'••-:-••■■/::-  .V,v.-^!it:. 

Because  the  bishop  of  Rome  claimed  chief  juris- 
diction both  ecclesiastical  and  civil. 

On  what  grounds  do  the  bishops  of  Rome  claim 
chief  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction  in  this  kingdom  [coun- 
try]1      , 

They  assert  that  St.  Peter  had  chief  ecclesiastical 
jurisdiction  given  him   by  Christ  over  the  whole 


*  In  the  United  States,  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  the 
Governor  of  each  state, 
t  Through  the  choice  of  the  people,  in  the  United  States. 


"is  not 
jurisdio. 

3uld  rule 
harge  by 
oral,  and 
and  evil 

m  [coun- 

7 

• 

my  pow- 
kingdom 

not  nor 

-'  '  ' 

ught  not 

declara- 

ef  juris- 

le  claim 
fi  [coun- 

siastical 
e  whole 

!B  and  the 


ARTICLE   XZXVII. 


108 


Giurch,  and  that  they  are  successors  of  St.  Peter  and 
consequently  have  the  same  jurisdiction. 

What  grounds  have  they  for  this  assertion  1 

Two  texts  of  Scripture ;  viz.,  "  Thou  art  Peter, 
and  upon  this  rock  I  will  build  my  Church ;"  and,  "  I 
will  give  unto  thee  the  keys  of  the  kingdom  of  hea- 
ven, and  whatsoever  thou  shalt  bind  on  earth  shall 
be  bound  in  heaven,*  and  whatsoever  thou  shalt  loose 
on  earth  shall  be  loosed  in  heaven." 

Show  that  the  first  of  these  texts  does  not  prove 
that  for  which  it  is  adduced. 

Many  eminent  fathers  of  the 
rock  there  mentioned  to  be  not, 
the  truth  he  then  confessed. 

But  supposing  it  to  mean  St,l 
interpreted  1 

The  other  Apostles  are  fouifdation  stones  of  the 
Church  equally  with  St.  Peter ;  and  he  is  only  the 
first  of  them.    See  Rev.  xxi.  14. 

Show  that  the  second  passage  ^oes  not  prove  the 
supremacy  of  St.  Peter. 

Because  the  same  power  was  afterwards  given  to 
the- other  Apostles.    St.  Matt,  xviii.  18.         tu>.  •{,'«*. 

What  was  that  power  1    ...    ,.  r;      '    ?  i,'v  ♦/''^ 

The  power  of  admitting  members  into  the  Church, 
of  ruling  them  in  it,  of  excluding  them  from  it,  and 
of  restoring  them  to  it. 

Show  that  St.  Peter  had  no  power  over  the  other 
Apostles. 


rch  consider  the 
■  ♦- 

iter  himself,  but 
,  how  is  it  to  be 


"V 


'^>'  .1 


; 


il 


M 


104 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


'^  There  is  no  recorded  instance,  either  in  Holy 
Scripture,  or  in  the  history  of  the  primitive  Church, 
of  St.  Peter's  exercising  any  authority  or  jurisdiction 
more  than  the  other  Apostles. 

Show  that,  supposing  he  possessed  such  authority, 
the  bishops  of  Rome  do  not  possess  it. 
*  Gregory  the  Great,  bishop  of  Rome,  shows  that 
up  to  his  time  it  was  an  established  principle  in  the 
Church  of  Christ,  that  there  was  no  universal  bishop. 

How  does  that  appear] 

Because  he  himself  said,  "  whosoever  calls  himself 
or  desires  to  be  called  a  universal  priest  or  bishop,  is 
in  his  pride  the  forerunner  of  Anti-christ." 

How  came  the  bishops  of  Rome  to  have  any 
spiritual  authority  in  the  kingdom  of  England  1 

Because  by  the  instrumentality  of  a  bishop  of 
Rome  the  first  bishops  were  appointed  for  our  fore- 
fathers the  Anglo-Saxons ;  and  because  the  bishops 
of  Rome  were  highest  in  rank  in  western  Christen- 
dom ;  and  thus  were  constantly  appealed  to  for  the 
purpose  of  settling  disputes. 

How  did  they  lose  this  authority  ? 

By  stretching  it  too  far  and  claiming  it  as  a  right. 

Why  ought  they  not  to  have  it  restored  to  them 
again  ? 

Because  there  is  fear  of  the  recurrence  of  similar 
abuses,  and  because  the  civil  and  ecclesiastical  author- 
ities of  the  country  are  fully  competent  to  provide 
for  its  temporal  and  spiritual  government.  * 


On 

chief  ci| 
Part] 
siastica] 
sion  mi 
llo^ 
that  of  I 
The] 
subject 
power 
In  w 
They 
from  tl 
authori 
Pro\ 

It  W£ 

600  ye 

Christij 

ruler. 

Whj 

,    bishopi 

Becj 

kingdc 

succesi 

Sho 

Kin 

withoi 

could 

Wl 


ARTICLE   ZZXVII. 


105 


n  Holy 
Church, 
isdiction 

ithority, 

ws  that 

le  in  the 

bishop. 

himself 
ishop,  is 

ive  any 

hop  of 
IT  fore- 
bishops 
hristen- 
for  the 


i  right. 
0  them 

similar 
mthor- 
►rovide 


On  what  ground  have  the  bishops  of  Rome  claimed 
chief  civil  jurisdiction  in  England  ? 

Partly  on  the  ground  of  their  claim  of  chief  eccle- 
siastical jurisdiction,  partly  on  the  ground  of  a  ces- 
sion made  to  them  by  a  former  king  of  England. 

How  do  they  build  a  claim  of  civil  jurisdiction  on 
that  of  spiritual  jurisdiction?  '    ;  >      #  >  ,         -y^/ 

They  assert  that  civil  rulers  being  Christians,  are 
subject  to  censure  and  punishment,  if  they  use  their 
power  to  the  detriment  of  the  Church.  .?  -i 

In  what  way  has  this  taken  effect  ?    '  ^  * 

They  have  claimed  the  power  to  absolve  subjects 
from  their  obligation  of  allegiance,  and  to  give  them 
authority  to  depose  and  murder  their  princes. 

Prove  that  they  have  no  right  to  any  such  power. 

It  was  never  heard  of  in  the  Church  for  more  than 
600  years ;  and  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul  require  all 
Christians  to  be  subject  to  the  king,  or  chief  civil  < 
ruler.    Rom.  xiii.  1 ;  1  St.  Pet.  ii.  13.  .  ,x  ^v*^  >>^-^ 

What  other  peculiar  ground  of  claim  had  the 
bishops  of  Rome  to  the  chief  civil  power  in  England  1 

Because  John,  king  of  England,  surrendered  the 
kingdom  to  the  Pope  on  behalf  of  himself  and  his 
successors. 

Show  that  this  constitutes  no  rightful  claim. 

King  John  had  no  authority  to  do  such  an  act 
without  the  consent  of  parliament ;  and  no  such  act 
could  bind  his  successors. 

When  it  is  said  that  "  the  bishop  of  Rome  hath  no 


it''..! 


■m 


1  ?.' 


'H^-! 


106 


CATECHISM   ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


jurisdiction  in  this  realm  of  England,"  what  do  you 
understand  ? 

That  he  has  no  rightful  authority  of  any  kind  in 
that  kingdom,  whether  ecclesiastical  or  temporal. 

What  is  the  second  doctrine  taught  in  this  [En- 
glish] Article? 

That  the  kings  of  England*  have  "authority  to 
rule  all  conditions  of  persons  both  ecclesiastical  and 
temporal,  and  to  restrain  with  the  civil  sword  the 
stubborn  and  evil  doers."    h   ;  ^>*  .    <•'       j*ii    ^'Cvk  r| 

How  have  they  this  authority  1     ' '    '^  ^  ^^^' '  ^^  ^' ' 
-  Because  it  pertains  to  all  chief  rulers  to  rule  their 
subjects  of  every  class. 

Show  that  this  is  the  case. 

1  St.  Pet.  ii.  13  ;  Rom.  xiii.  1.  St.  Peter  and  St. 
Paul  both  declare  it. 

vi  In  what  way  have  they  power  to  exercise  this 
authority?    i^  r^f-^'    ''■»•;  ■-    --...^  •,■;.'. -.:'-.•,•;.'  -r..,.,-.^-, ... .. 

By  requiring  all  of  every  class  to  observe  the  laws. 

^'.  Does  this  give  thein  power  in  ecclesiastical  mat- 
ters? -.iVu^-^i*  'i':-^.i^i   "!/;■  ^  '■'  i-vj>;  Mir  ^'.  ■;'•  -y   VV  ■:■:., ■■>tA-.  ) 

'y  In  England  it  does,  because  the  laws  of  the  Church 
are  the  laws  of  the  land ;  but  not  in  the  United  States. 
Was  this  power  ever  "  given  to  godly  princes  in 
Holy  Scripture  by  God  Himself?" 
^  Yes ;  David,    Solomon,    Hezekiah,    and  Josiah, 


*  In  the  United  States  the  civil  authority— the  president  and  gov- 
ernors of  states,  chosen  to  exercise  such  power,  by  the  people,  but 
only  in  things  temporal. 


ARTICLE   XXXVIL rt.>(»7  ^ 


' ) 


107 


jii 


either  exercised  this  power  over  priests  and  people 
under  Divine  direction,  or  were  commended  by  Him 
for  exercising  it. 

What  particular  conclusion  does  the  [English] 
Article  draw  from  this  general  authority  of  the  sove- 
reign?   I.,  p.  i-,,vr,  -J  ..;,v-/'j  .f.i.,,>  i  .>4i  .j^^i^i  '^i^:^-'^' 

That  "  it  is  lawfi^l  for  Christian  men,  at  the  com- 
mandment of  the  magistrate,  to  wear  weapons,  and 


to  serve  in  the  wars." 


jt'^%i'ii  !rt(  .'1^1 


How  does  this  appear  to  be  true  1  -.     \r 

Because  there  is  not  any  thing  in  the  New  Testa- 
ment to  the  contrary ;  and  because  otherwise  the 
chief  governor  could  not  defend  his  people  from 
foreign  invasion. 

Why  was  it  necessary  to  make  this  declaration  1 

Because  there  were  some  who  declared  war  abso- 
lutely unlawful.   • 

In  what  manner  must  the  chief  magistrate  main- 
tain his  authority  over  those  whom  he  is  commis- 
sioned to  govern  ?  -  -    -    -    -     -  -       -  -Tt*' 

He  may  "restrain  with  the  civil  sword  the  stub- 
born and  evil  doers."   •  -       -  -- 

What  is  meant  by  restraining  them  with  the  civil 
sword  ? 

Punishing  them  with  temporal  punishments.    «/ 

Why  is  the  expression,  "  the  sword,"  used  ? 

1.  Because  "the  laws  of  the  realm  may  punish 
Christian  men  with  death,  for  heinous  and  grievous 
offences." 


,b  .'•;»<' '^  *'  *''-*£iiK' 


l^. 


'1 


'vti 


'i'.i  ■,/ 


108 


CATECHISM   ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


2.  Because  God  Himself  ordained  death  as  the 
punishment  for  certain  offences ;  and  St.  Paul  informs 
us  that  the  civil  ruler  is  authorized  by  God  to  "  bear 
the  sword"  and  to  "  execute"  with  it  "  wrath  upon 
him  that  doeth  evil."     Rom.  xiii.  4.] 

What  does  the  Church  in  the  United  States  assert 
of  "  the  power  of  the  civil  magistrate  1" 
>   That  it  "  extendeth  to  all  men,  as  well  clergy  as 
laity,  in  all  thingf  temporal."        -  ' 

Has  he  any  authority  beyond  this  ?     * 
'   The  civil  magistrate  "  hath  no  authority  in  things 
purely  spiritual." 

What  is  asserted  to  be  the  duty  of  all  Christian 
men? 

"  To  pay  respectful  obedience  to  the  civil  authority, 
regularly  and  legitimately  constituted." 


"'»•**£'" 


Article  XXXVIII. 


'*• 


f^'^- 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-eighth  Article  ? 
«  Christian  Men's  Goods."  <    ' 

What  does  the  Article  teach  in  regard  to  them  1 
That  they  **  are  not  common,  as  touching  the  right, 
•title,  and  possession  of  the  same." 
W^hat  do  you  understand  by  this? 
That  Christians  have  not  a  common  or  general 
right  and  title  to  the  goods  which  they  severally  oc- 
cupy ;  nor  ought  they  to  claim  the  common  possession 
of  each  other's  goods.  <  * 


M- 


Why 
Becai 
Wliat 
Th(j 
first  yej 
things  ii 
How 
the  sam 
Becai 
phira,  e 
keep  po 
See  Act 
Is  thii 
No: 
sesseth, 
to  his  al 
Wha1 
Givin 
Prov< 
ITir 


Wha 
"A( 
Wha 
men?" 
«Va 
Byv 


;.t.YNM 


ARTICLE    XXXIX. 


109 


Why  was  it  necessary  to  declare  this  ? 

Because  "  certain  Anabaptists"  taught  the  contrary. 

Wliat  ground  had  they  for  this  doctrine  ? 

Th(j  fact  that  the  Christians  in  Jerusalem,  in  the 
first  years  of  the  Church,  had  for  the  most  part  all 
things  in  common.  ..,.>..... 

How  do  you  know  that  we  are  not  required  to  do 
the  same  1  -  <'^ ■  :^  ■' '-x- ' " ' ^ . '-  ' 

Because  St.  Peter,  in  reproving  Ananias  and  Sap- 
phira,  expressly  recognised  their  right  and  title  to 
keep  possession  of  their  property,  if  they  thought  fit. 
See  Acts  v.  4. 

Is  this  right  of  ours  unlimited  ? 

No  :  "  every  man  ought,  of  such  things  as  he  pos- 
sesseth,  liberally  to  give  alms  to  the  poor,  according 
to  his  ability."  . 

What  is  meant  by  giving  alms  1  s    v . 

Giving  money,  food,  or  clothing  to  those  who  need. 

Prove  that  this  is  our  duty.  •^''     -    ■'   ^^   :-»- 


1  Tim.  vi.  18. 


s.';?  ■> 


<■.  '■■ 


-iJB. 


Article  XXXIX. 


'  1 , 


\.', 

7 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-ninth  Article  1 
"  A  Christian  Man's  Oath." 
What  kind  of  swearing  is  "forbidden  Christian 
men?"     ^^^^-■■^'■:,  --^y^-    :^pf--  --*  .^».v.'     -..-<-■—-•. 
"  Vain  and  rash  Swearing."  ' '• 
By  whom  is  it  forbidden  1 


t       •"     -;.f 


U>3 


Hih 


1^1 


!'%'> 


110 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


St.  Matt.  V.  34 ;  St.  James  v.  12.  "  By  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ  and  James  His  Apostle."    ^.    . 

Under  what  circumstances  "  doth  not  Christian 
Religion  prohibit,  but  that  a  man  may  swear  f 

"When  the  magistrate  requireth,  in  a  cause  of 
faith  and  charity." 

What  do  you  understand  by  the  expression,  "  when 
the  Magistrate  requireth  *?" 

When  we  are  required  so  to  do  by  any  lawful 
authority  of  the  civil  ruler,  or  administrator  of  the 
laws.      ../;.    • ...  :  /  -..:■'; ,   ^  :_:■■■  .     A.  ■  ■  :  ,.-.,- 

Prove  that  it  is  lawful  to  take  an  oath  when  re- 
quired by  the  magistrate.  •      • 

St.  Matt.  xxvi.  63,  64.  Our  Lord  Himself  an- 
swered on  oath  to  the  chief-priest,  who  was  in  tliat 
<}ase  a  lawful  magistrate. 

What  do  you  understand  by  "  a  cause  of  faith  and 
♦dharity  1"  ,  ,> 

A  cause  in  which  faith  between  man  and  man,  and 
diarity  towards  those  who  might  otherwise  suffer 
wrong,  require  that  we  should  give  a  solenrn  testi- 
mony before  the  magistrate. 

What  caution  must  we  use  in  giving  our  testimony 
upon  oath?  •  ■  c 

To  do  it  "  in  justice,  judgment,  and  truth."    - 

What  prophet  gives  this  direction  1 

Jeremiah  says,  (ch.  iv.  2,)  "  And  thou  shalt  swear. 
The  Lord  liveth,  in  truth,  in  righteousness,  and  in 
judgment."  «  ^  v^!^^,  -  ^^  v  ■  v 


ARTICLE   XXXIX. 


Ill 


7'.- 


Why  was  this  Article  necessary  1  •' 

Because  some  persons  have  declared  all  oaths  un 
lawful. 

On  what  ground  ? 
Because  our  Lord  has  said,  "  Swear  not  at  all.'* 
How  must  we  understand  this  passage  1 
The  context  shows  that  Christ  is  speaking  only  of 
oaths  in  common  conversation,  or  vain   and  rash 
swearing,  and  not  of  oaths  taken  before  a  magistrate. 
How  is  this  confirmed  by  the  known  customs  of 
the  Jews?  *       »       •    •  ^ 

The  oaths  which  our  Lord  mentions  in  that  pas- 
sage are  such  as  were  used  only  in  common  conver- 
sation. 


1»  M 


4 


u:.y. 


■,.,*.  i'( 


M'   'il 


'-'< 


■(  ^', ' 


,■•■>•.    '*■ 
;•■.■;■>•  - 


•'i. 


'#1  <i^ 


r'  t-f^.^-H^^v;," 


'  r'-f'^-  ,?'*,.=' ^'viJ-i'- 


ml 


-  'J\ 


4  r 


H*' 


APPENDIX   I. 


ARTICLES 


AGBSXD  UPON  BT  THE  AKCHBISnOFS  AND  BISHOPS  OF  BOTH  PBOTINOn, 

AND  TUB  WHOLE  CLERGY. 


-»»'., 


In  the  Convocation  holden  at  London  in  the  Year  1562, /or  the  avoiding  cf  Diver- 
sities of  Opinions,  and  for  the  establishing  of  Consent  touching  true  Religion: 
Reprinted  by  His  Majesty's  Commandment,  with  His  Royal  Declaration  prefixed 


thereunto. 


W«  |Hafe»t2*»  ©cclaratfon.         .^     ^  ^ . 

Being  by  God's  Ordinance,  according  to  Our  just  Title,  De- 
fender of  the  Faith,  and  Sitpreme  Governour  of  the  Church, 
within  these  Our  Dominions,  We  hold  it  most  agi'eeable  to 
this  Oui*  Kingly  Office,  and  Our  own  religious  Zeal,  to  conserve 
and  maintain  the  Church  committed  to  Oui*  Charge,  in  Unily  of 
true  Religion,  and  in  the  Bond  of  Peace ;  and  not  to  suflfer  un- 
necessaiy  Disputations,  Altercations,  or  Questions  to  be  itiised, 
which  may  nourish  Faction  both  in  the  Chui-ch  and  Common- 
wealth. We  have  therefore,  upon  mature  DeUberation,  and 
with  the  Advice  of  so  many  of  Oui*  Bishops  as  might  conveniently 
be  called  together,  thought  fit  to  make  this  Declaration  follow- 
ing; 

That  the  Articles  of  the  Chui'ch  of  England  (which  have  been 
allowed  and  authorized  heretofore,  and  which  Om*  Clergy  gener- 
ally have  subscribed  unto)  do  contain  the  true  Doctiine  of  the 
Church  of  England  agreeable  to  God's  Word :  which  We  do  there- 
fore ratify  and  confirm,  requiring  all  Om*  loving  Subjects  to  con- 
tinue in  the  uniform  Profession  thereof,  and  prohibiting  the  least 
difference  from  the  saia  Articles,  which  to  that  End  We  command 


to  be  ne 

therewith 
That"V 
And,  tha 
ceming  tl 
soever  th 
order  ani 
Broad  Se 
and  Cons 
Laws  an( 
Thato 
the  Worl 
from  tim 
Bhall  hav 
do  all  su< 
unto  by  1 
ti'ine  and| 
from  whi 
least  Dej 
Thatf 
raised,  y( 
Our  Rea" 
cles  estal 
in  the  tn 
even  in  1 
men  of  i 
be  for  tt 
tend  anj 
That 
which  h 
places,  < 
curious  I 
promise 
tures,  ai 


ARTICLES    OP   RELIGION. 


113 


■  t  ■ 


BOTCTOXB, 


gofDiver- 
'.  Religion : 
on  prefixed 


itle,  De- 
Church, 
eable  to 
conserve 
[Jnity  of 
iiflFer  un- 
3  itiised, 
'ommon- 
ion,  and 
eniently 
\  follow- 

ive  been 
Y  gener- 
I  of  the 
o  there- 
to con- 
le  least 
mmaad 


to  be  new  piinted,  and  this  Our  Declaration  to  be  published 
therewith. 

That  We  are  Supreme  Govemom*  of  the  Church  of  England: 
And,  that  if  any  Difference  aiise  about  the  external  Policy,  con- 
cerning the  Injunctions,  Canons,  and  other  Constitutions  what- 
soever thereto  belonging,  the  Clergy  in  their  Convocation  is  to 
order  and  settle  them,  having  first  obtained  leave  under  Our 
Broad  Seal  so  to  do :  and  We  approving  their  said  Ordinances 
and  Constitutions ;  providing  that  none  be  made  contrary  to  the 
Laws  and  Customs  of  the  Land. 

That  out  of  Our  Princely  Care  that  the  Churchmen  may  do 
the  Work  which  is  proper  imto  them,  the  Bishops  and  Clergy, 
from  tune  to  time  in  Convocation,  upon  their  iuimble  Desire, 
shall  have  Licence  under  Oui*  Broad  Seal  to  deliberate  of,  and  to 
do  all  such  Things,  as,  being  made  plain  by  them,  and  assented 
unto  by  Us,  shuU  concera  the  settled  Continuance  of  the  Doo- 
ti'ine  and  Discipline  of  the  Church  of  England,  now  established; 
from  which  We  will  not  endm'e  any  varying  or  depai'ting  in  the 
least  Degree. 

That  for  the  present,  though  some  differences  have  been  ill 
raised,  yet  We  take  comfort  in  this,  that  all  Clergymen  within 
Our  Realm  have  always  most  wilUngly  subscribed  to  the  Arti- 
cles established,  which  is  an  argument  to  Us,  that  they  all  agree 
in  the  true,  usual,  literal  meaning  of  the  said  Articles ;  and  that 
even  in  those  cmious  points,  in  which  the  present  differences  lie, 
men  of  aU  sort«  take  the  Articles  of  the  Church  of  England  to 
be  for  them ;  which  is  an  argument  again,  that  none  of  them  in- 
tend any  desertion  from  the  Articles  estabUshed. 

That  therefore  in  these  both  ciu-ious  and  unhappy  difference!^ 
Vrhich  have  for  so  many  hundred  years,  in  different  times  and 
places,  exercised  the  Church  of  Chi-ist,  We  will,  th.at  all  further 
curious  search  be  laid  aside,  and  these  disputes  shut  up  in  God'a 
promises,  as  they  be  generally  set  forth  to  us  in  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tui'es,  and  the  general  meaning  of  the  Articles  of  the  Church  of 

10* 


ma] 


Iff 


m 


114 


ARTICLES   OF   RELIGION. 


England  according  to  them.  And  that  no  man  licrcafter  shall 
either  print,  or  preach,  to  draw  the  Article  aside  any  way,  but 
shall  submit  to  it  in  the  plain  and  full  meaning  thereof:  and 
shall  not  put  liis  own  sense  or  comment  to  tlie  meaning  of  the 
Article,  but  shall  take  it  in  the  literal  and  gi-ammatical  sense. 

That  if  any  publick  Reader  in  either  of  Our  Universities,  or  any 
Head  or  Master  of  a  College,  or  any  other  person  respectively 
in  either  of  them,  shall  affix  any  new  sense  to  any  Article,  or 
shall  publickly  retad,  detei'mine,  or  hold  any  publick  Disputation, 
or  suffer  any  such  to  be  held  cither  way,  in  either  the  Universities 
or  Colleges  respectively ;  or  if  any  Divine  in  the  Universities 
shall  preach  or  print  any  thing  either  way,  other  tlian  is  already 
established  in  Convocation  with  Oui*  Royal  Assent ;  he,  or  they 
the  Offenders,  shall  be  liable  to  Our  displeasure,  and  the  Church's 
censure  in  Our  Conmiission  Ecclesiastical,  as  well  as  any  other ; 
And  We  will  see  there  shall  be  due  Execution  upon  them. 


■>;"■', 


*M 


"A'h   liit*}* 


>,>{i'. 

i-i;» 


ARTICLES  OF  RELIGION. 
I.  Of  Faith  in  the  Holy  Trinity.  ' 

There  is  but  one  living  and  true  God,  everlasting, 
without  body,  parts,  or  passions ;  of  infinite  power, 
wisdom,  and  goodness ;  the  Maker,  and  Preserver  of 
all  things  both  visible  and  invisible.  And  in  unity 
of  this  Godhead  there  be  three  Persons,  of  one  sub- 
stance, power,  and  eternity ;  the  Father,  the  Son,  and 
the  Holy  Ghost.  ,    .  •        « 

II.  Of  the  Word  or  Son  of  God,  which  was  made  very  Man. 
The  Son,  which  is  the  Word  of  the  Father,  be- 
gotten from  everlasting  of  the  Father,  the  very  and 
eternal  God,  and  of  one  substance  with  the  Father, 


took  Mar 
J  of  her  su 
tures,  tha 
joined  tc 
whereof  i 
truly  suf 
reconcile 
only  for  c 

III 

As  Chi 
it  to  be  1 

1^.  ::- 
Christ 
again  his 
pertaining 
with  he  a 
he  return 


The  K 
the  Son, 
the  Fath( 

VI.    Ofi 

Holy  I 
salvation 
may  be  ] 


■•w,A 


ARTICLES   OF   RELIGION. 


115 


took  Man's  nature  in  the  womb  of  the  blessed  Virgin, 
of  her  substance  :  so  that  two  whole  and  perfect  Na- 
tures, that  is  to  say,  the  Godhead  and  Manhood,  were 
joined  together  in  one  Person,  never  to  be  divided, 
whereof  is  one  Christ,  very  God,  and  very  Man ;  who 
truly  suffered,  was  crucified,  dead  and  buried,  to 
reconcile  his  Father  to  us,  and  to  be  a  sacrifice,  not 
only  for  original  guilt,  but  also  for  actual  sins  of  men. 

III.  Of  the  going  down  of  Christ  into  Hell,  .' 

As  Christ  died  for  us,  and  was  buried ;  so  also  is 
it  to  be  believed,  that  he  went  down  into  Hell. 

IV.   Of  the  Mesurrection  of  Christ. 

Christ  did  truly  rise  again  from  death,  and  took 
again  his  body,  with  flesh,  bones,  and  all  things  ap- 
pertaining to  the  perfection  of  Man's  nature  ;  where- 
with he  ascended  into  Heaven,  and  there  sitteth,  until 
he  return  to  judge  all  Men  at  the  last  day.  

V.   Of  the  Holy  Ghost.  ^ 

The  Holy  Ghost,  proceeding  from  the  Father  andi 
the  Son,  is  of  one  substance,  majesty,  and  glory,  with 
the  Father  and  the  Son,  very  and  eternal  God. 

VI.    Of  the  Sufficiency  of  the  holy  Scriptures  for  sal- 
V    =  ration. 


v*. 


Holy  Scripture  containeth  all  things  necessary  to 
salvation :  so  that  whatsoever  is  not  read  therein,  nor 
may  be  proved  thereby,  is  not  to  be  required  of  any 


'■5 


n, 
m 


f,  1  f 

J-'" 


,  ^  I 


Ml 
1  'ii 


116 


ARTICLES   OF    RELIGION. 


man,  that  it  should  be  believed  as  an  article  of  the 
Faith,  or  bo  thought  requisite  or  necessary  to  sal- 
vation. In  the  name  of  the  holy  Scripture  we  do 
understand  those  canonical  Books  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testament,  of  whose  authority  was  never  any  doubt 
in  the  Church. 

Of  the  Names  and  Number  of  the  Canonical  Books. 

Genesis^  A'xodus^  Leviticus^  Numbers,  Deuteronomy, 
Joshua,  Judges,  Ruth,  The  First  Book  of  Sarmiel, 
The  Second  Book  of  Samuel,  The  First  Book  of  Kings, 
The  Second  Book  of  Kings,  The  First  Book  of  Chroni- 
des,  The  Second  Book  of  Chronicles,  The  First  Book 
of  Esdras,  The  Second  Book  of  Esdras,  The  Book  of 
Esther,  The  Book  of  Job,  The  Psalms,  The  Proverbs, 
Ecclesiastes  or  Preacher,  Cantica,or  Songs  of  Solomon, 
Four  Projyhets  the  greater.  Twelve  Prophets  the  less. 

And  the  other  Books  (as  Ilierome  saith)  the  Church 
doth  read  for  example  of  life  and  instruction  of  man- 
ners ;  but  yet  doth  it  not  apply  them  to  establish 
any  doctrine;  such  are  these  following:  ;    • 

The  Third  Book  of  Esdras,  The  Fourth  Book  of 
Esdras,  The  Book  of  Tobias,  The  Book  of  Judith,  The 
rest  of  the  Book  of  Esther,  The  Book  of  Wisdom,  Jesus 
the  Son  of  Sirach,  Baruch  the  Prophet,  The  Song  of 
the  Three  Children,  The  Story  of  Susanna,  Of  Bel  and 
the  Dragon,  The  Prayer  of  Manasses,  The  First  Book 
of  Maccabees,  The  Second  Book  of  Maccabees. 

All  the  Books  of  the  New  Testament,  as  they  are 


commonl 
Canonica 


The  0 
for  both 

life  is  on; 

Mediator 
Man. 
feign  that 
promises 
Moses,  as 
Christian 
necessity 
notwithst 
from  the 
called  M< 


The  1 
Creed,  a 
tles^  Cre 
lieved ; 
warrant! 


Origi: 
(as  the 
faiilt  an 


ARTICLES   OF   RELIGION. 


117 


le  of  the 
to  sal. 
wo  do 
and  New 
jy  doubt 

Books. 

ronomy^ 
Samuel^ 
f  Kings^ 
Chroni. 
'St  Book 
Book  of 
ToverbSj 
'olomoriy 
?  less. 
Church 
of  man- 
stablish 

hok  of 
th,  The 
i,  Jesus 
'ong  of 
^el  and 
tBook 

By  are 


commonly  received,  we  do  receive,  and  account  them 
Canonical. 

VII.  Of  the  Old  Testament.   .  .^ 

The  Old  Testament  is  not  contrary  to  the  New : 
for  both  in  the  Old  and  New  Testament  everlasting 
life  is  offered  to  Mankind  by  Christ,  who  is  the  only 
Mediator  between  God  and  Man,  being  both  God  and 
Man.  Wherefore  they  are  not  to  bo  heard,  which 
feign  that  the  old  Fathers  did  look  only  for  transitory 
promises.  Although  the  Law  given  from  God  by 
Moses,  as  touching  Ceremonies  and  Kites,  do  not  bind 
Christian  men,  nor  the  Civil  precepts  thereof  ought  of 
necessity  to  be  received  in  any  commonwealth ;  yet 
notwithstanding,  no  Christian  man  whatsoever  is  free 
from  the  obedience  of  the  Commandments  which  are 
called  Moral.  , 

VIII.  Of  the  Tliree  Creeds. 

The  Three  Creeds,  Nicene  Creed,  Athanasius^s 
Creed,  and  that  which  is  commonly  called  the  ApoS' 
ties'  Creed,  ought  thoroughly  to  be  received  and  be- 
lieved; for  they  may  be  proved  by  most  certain 
warrants  of  holy  Scripture.  / 

,.;.  ■■■:  ,  .  •■" ^-•■.  >/ 

IX,  Of  Original  or  Birth-sin. 

Original  Sin  standeth  not  in  the  following  of  Adam^ 
(as  the  Pelagians  do  vainly  talk;)  but  it  is  the 
fault  and  corruption  of  the  Nature  of  every  man,  that 


'.   '  'J 


118 


ARTICLES   OP   RELIGION. 


naturally  is  engendered  of  the  offspring  of  Adam; 
whereby  man  is  very  fiir  gone  from  original  right- 
eousness, and  is  of  his  own  nature  inclined  to  evil,  so 
that  the  flesh  lusteth  always  contrary  to  the  spirit ; 
and  therefore  in  every  person  bom  into  this  world, 
it  deserveth  God's  wrath  and  damnation.  And  this 
infection  of  nature  doth  remain,  yea  in  them  that  are 
regenerated ;  whereby  the  lust  of  the  flesh,  called  in 
the  Greek,  (f>p6vrifia  oapkbg,  (which  some  do  expound 
the  wisdom,  some  sensuality,  some  the  affection,  some 
the  desire,  of  the  flesh,)  is  not  subject  to  the  Law  of 
God.  And  although  there  is  no  condemnation  for  them 
that  believe  and  are  baptized,  yet  the  Apostle  doth 
confess,  that  concupiscence  and  lust  hath  of  itself 
the  nature  of  sin. 

X.  Of  Free-Will. 

The  condition  of  Man  after  the  fall  of  Adam  is 
such,  that  he  cannot  turn  and  prepare  himself,  by  his 
own  natural  strength  and  good  works,  to  faith,  and 
calling  upon  God :  Wherefore  we  have  no  power  to 
do  good  works  pleasant  and  acceptable  to  God,  with- 
out the  grace  of  God  by  Christ  preventing  us,  that 
we  may  have  a  good  will,  and  working  with  us,  when 
we  have  that  good  will. 

,,      ;  XL  Of  the  Justification  of  Man, 

We  are  accounted  righteous  before  God,  only 
for  the  merit  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ 


by  Faith 
Wherefc 
most  wh 
as  more 
fication. 


Albeit 
Faith,  ar 
our  sins, 
yet  are 
and  do 
Faith;  ii 
as  evide] 

Work 
Inspirati 
much  ai 
neither 
(as  the 
gruity : 
God  hat 
we  doul 


Volu 
Comma 


ARTICLES    OF   RELTGIOTT. 


119 


by  Faith,  and  not  for  our  own  works  or  deservings  : 
Wherefore,  that  we  are  justified  by  Faith  only  is  a 
most  wholesome  Doctrine,  and  very  full  of  comfort, 
as  more  largely  is  expressed  in  the  Homily  of  Justi- 
fication, i  '  - 

•     XII.  Of  Good  Works.        .       .         *,fv 

Albeit  that  Good  Works,  which  are  the  fruits  of 
Faith,  and  follow  after  Justification,  cannot  put  away 
our  sins,  and  endure  the  severity  of  God's  Judgment ; 
yet  are  they  pleasing  and  acceptable  to  God  in  Christ, 
and  do  spring  out  necessarily  of  a  true  and  lively 
Faith;  insomuch  that  by  them  a  lively  Faith  may  be 
as  evidently  known  as  a  tree  discerned  by  the  fruit. 


m 


']/''»*         XIII.  Of  WorJcs  hefore  Justification.  v    ' 

Works  done  before  the  grace  of  Christ,  and  the 
Inspiration  of  his  Spirit,  are  not  pleasant  to  God,  foras- 
much as  they  spring  not  of  fiiith  in  Jesus  Christ, 
neither  do  they  make  men  meet  to  receive  grace,  or 
(as  the  School-authors  say)  deserve  grace  of  con- 
gruity:  yea  rather,  for  that  they  are  not  done  as 
God  hath  willed  and  commanded  them  to  be  done, 
we  doubt  not  but  they  have  the  nature  of  sin. 

XIV.  Of  Works  of  Supererogation.  ,.,    »^, 

Voluntary  Works  besides,  over  and  above,  God's 
Commandments,  which  they  call  Works  of  Superero- 


3i: 


120 


ARTICLES    OF /HELIGION. 


gation,  cannot  be  taught  without  arrogancy  and  im- 
piety ;  for  by  them  men  do  declare,  that  they  do  not 
only  render  unto  God  as  much  as  they  are  bound  to 
do,  but  that  they  do  more  for  his  sake,  than  of  bounden 
duty  is  required :  whereas  Christ  saith  plainly.  When 
ye  have  done  all  that  are  commanded  to  you,  say, 
We  are  unprofitable  servants. 


■ii^v■ 


«t' 


XV.  Of  Christ  alone  without  Sin. 


Christ  in  the  truth  of  our  nature  was  made  like 
unto  us  in  all  things,  sin  only  except,  from  which  he 
was  clearly  void,  both  in  his  flesh,  and  in  his  spirit. 
He  came  to  be  the  Lamb  without  spot,  who,  by 
sacrifice  of  himself  once  made,  should  take  away  the 
sins  of  the  world,  and  sin,  as  Saint  John  saith,  was 
not  in  him.  But  all  we  the  rest,  although  baptized, 
and  born  again  in  Christ,  yet  offend  in  many  things  ; 
and  if  we  say  we  have  no  sin,  we  deceive  ourselves, 
and  the  truth  is  not  in  us. 


XVI.  Of  Sin  after  Baptism. 


.I--: 


Not  every  deadly  sin  willingly  committed  after 
Baptism  is  sin  against  the  Holy  Ghost,  and  unpar- 
donable. Wherefore  the  grant  of  repentance  is  not 
to  be  denied  to  such  as  fall  into  sin  after  Baptism. 
After  we  have  received  the  Holy  Ghost,  we  may  de- 
part from  grace  given,  and  fall  into  sin,  and  by  the 
grace  of  God  we  may  arise  again,  and  amend  our 


lives, 
which  si 
here,  oi 
truly  re 


Pred. 

of  God 

world  V 

counsel 

nation 

mankin 

salvatio 

they  wl 

God  b^ 

Spirit  -^ 

obey  tl 

made  s 

the  ima 

walk  r 

God's] 

''^ "  A.S  1 

our  ele 

unspea 

feel  in 

mortif 

memb 

heavei 

tablisl 


ARTICLES   OF  RELIGION. 


121 


and  iiQ- 
y  do  not 
)ound  to 
bounden 

Yf  When 
ou,  say. 


ade  like 
hich  he 
is  spirit, 
ivho,  by- 
way the 
ith,  was 
•aptized, 
thinofs : 
irselves. 


i  after 
unpar- 
is  not 
aptism. 
lay  de- 
by  the 
id  oui' 


lives.  And  therefore  they  are  to  be  condemned, 
which  say,  they  can  no  more  sin  as  long  as  they  live 
here,  or  deny  the  place  of  forgiveness  to  such  as 
truly  repent.  ..  ^^«-. 

XVII.  Of  Predestination  and  Election. 

Predestination  to  Life  is  the  everlasting  purpose 
of  God,  whereby  (befure  the  foundations  of  the 
world  were  laid)  he  hath  constantly  decreed  by  his 
counsel  secret  to  us,  to  deliver  from  curse  and  dam- 
nation those  whom  he  hath  chosen  in  Christ  out  of 
mankind,  and  to  bring  them  by  Christ  to  everlasting 
salvation,  as  vessels  made  to  honour.  Wherefore, 
they  which  be  endued  with  so  excellent  a  benefit  of 
God  be  called  according  to  God's  purpose  by  his 
Spirit  working  in  due  season:  they  through  Grace 
obey  the  calling:  they  be  justified  freely:  they  be 
made  sons  of  God  by  adoption :  they  be  made  like 
the  image  of  his  only-begotten  Son  Jesus  Christ :  they 
walk  religiously  in  good  works,  and  at  length,  by 
God's  mercy,  they  attain  to  everlasting  felicity. 

AlS  the  godly  consideration  of  Predestination,  and 
our  election  in  Christ,  is  full  of  sweet,  pleasant,  and 
unspeakable  comfort  to  godly  persons,  and  such  as 
feel  in  themselves  the  working  of  the  Spirit  of  Christ, 
mortifying  the  works  of  the  flesh,  and  their  earthly 
members,  and  drawing  up  their  mind  to  high  and 
heavenly  things,  as  well  because  it  doth  greatly  es- 
tablish and  confirm  their  faith  of  eternal  Salvation 

11 


■V  ,1'  I 


122 


ARTICLES   OP   RELIGION. 


to  be  enjoyed  through  Christ,  as  because  it  doth  fer- 
vently kindle  their  love  towards  God  :  So,  for  curious 
and  carnal  persons,  lacking  the  Spirit  of  Christ,  to 
have  continually  before  their  eyes  the  sentence  of 
God's  Predestination,  is  a  most  dangerous  downfall, 
whereby  the  Devil  doth  thrust  them  either  into  des- 
peration, or  into  wretchlessness  of  most  unclean  liv- 
ing, no  less  perilous  than  desperation.  «  .  51  '"i^ 
Furthermore,  we  must  receive  God's  promises  in 
such  wise,  as  they  be  generally  set  forth  to  us  in  holy 
Scripture  :  and,  in  our  doings,  that  Will  of  God  is  to 
be  followed,  which  we  have  expressly  declared  unto 
us  in  the  Word  of  God.  , 


'■W 


■"■''\ri^^' 


XVIII.  Ofohtaining  eternal  Salvation  only  hy  the  Name 


%%  a 


'"'•  of  Christ, 

They  also  are  to  be  had  accursed  that  presume  to 
say,  That  every  man  shall  be  saved  by  the  Law  or 
Sect  which  he  professeth,  so  that  he  be  diligent  to 
frame  his  life  according  to  that  Law,  and  the  light 
of  Nature.  For  holy  Scripture  doth  set  out  unto  us 
only  the  Name  of  Jesus  Christ,  whereby  men  must 
be  saved. 


I,--*; 


\--...> 


'/.'vf' 


^;S'i. 


XIX.  Of  the  Church. 


.-J- ; 


,  -»v-  »_.v 


The  visible  Church  of  Christ  is  a  congregation  of 
faithful  men,  in  the  which  the  pure  Word  of  God  is 
preached,  and  the  Sacraments  be  duly  ministered 


accordi 
that  of 
Ast 
tioch^  h 
erred, 
monies 

The 
monies 
And  y 
any  th 
neither 
that  it 
the  Chi 
yet,  as 
same,  s 
thing  t 

Gen 

withou 

when  1 

be  an 

with  t 

somet 

God. 

sary  t 

unless 

holy  I 


ARTICLES   OF   RELIGION. 


123 


I 


according  to  Christ's  ordinance,  in  all  those  things 
that  of  necessity  are  requisite  to  the  same. 

As  the  Church  of  Jerusalem,  Alexandria,  and  An- 
tioch,  have  erred ;  so  also  the  Church  of  Borne  hath 
erred,  not  only  in  their  living  and  manner  of  Cere- 
monies, but  also  in  matters  of  Faith.       •     -. , ,       ,,• 

ILX,  Of  the  Authoritij  of  the  Church,  ^■'^'-^^''^ 
The  Church  hath  power  to  decree  Rites  or  Cere- 
monies, and  authority  in  Controversies  of  Faith : 
And  yet  it  is  not  lawful  for  the  Church  to  ordain 
any  thing  that  is  contrary  to  God's  Word  written, 
neither  may  it  so  expound  one  place  of  Scripture, 
that  it  be  repugnant  to  another.  Wherefore,  although 
the  Church  be  a  witness  and  a  keeper  of  Holy  Writ, 
yet,  as  it  ought  not  to  decree  any  thing  against  the 
same,  so  besides  tlfe  same  ought  it  not  to  enforce  any 
thing  to  be  believed  for  necessity  of  Salvation. 

XXI.  Of  the  Authority  of  General  Councils,     /v» 

General  Councils  may  not  be  gathered  together 
without  the  commandment  and  will  of  Princes.  And 
when  they  be  gathered  together,  (forasmuch  as  they 
be  an  assembly  of  men,  whereof  all  be  not  governed 
with  the  Spirit  and  Word  of  God,)  they  may  err,  and 
sometimes  have  erred,  even  in  things  pertaining  unto 
God.  Wherefore  things  ordained  by  them  as  neces- 
sary to  salvation  have  neither  strength  nor  authority, 
unless  it  may  be  declared  that  they  be  taken  out  of 
holy  Scripture.         .^\^i^^4x^mMt^■us^J  j^.  h-^aj^i^^krjm 


'■■M 


124 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


XXII.  Of  Purgatory.       ' 

The  Romish  doctrine  concerning  Purgatory,  Par- 
dons, Worshipping  and  Adoration,  as  well  of  Images 
as  of  Relics,  and  also  Invocation  of  Saints,  is  a  fond 
thing  vainly  invented,  and  grounded  upon  no  war- 
ranty of  Scripture,  but  rather  repugnant  to  the  Word 
of  God. 

XXIII.  Of  Ministering  in  the  Congregation, 

It  is  not  lawful  for  any  man  to  take  upon  him  the 
office  of  publick  preaching,  or  ministering  the  Sacra- 
ments in  the  Congregation,  before  he  be  lawfully 
called,  and  sent  to  execute  the  same.  And  those  we 
ought  to  judge  lawfully  called  and  sent,  which  be 
chosen  and  called  to  this  work  by  men  who  have  pub- 
lick  authority  given  unto  them  in  the  Congregation,  to 
call  and  send  Ministers  into  the  Lord's  vineyard. 

XXIV.     Of  Speaking   in  the    Congregation   in    such  a 
tongue  as  the  peojile  under stancleth. 

It  is  ^  thing  plainly  repugnant  to  the  Word  of 
God,  and  the  custom  of  the  Primitive  Church,  to  have 
publick  Prayer  in  the  Church,  or  to  minister  the  Sac- 
raments, in  a  tongue  not  understanded  of  the  people, 

XXV.  Of  the  Sacraments. 

Sacraments  ordained  of  Christ  be  not  only  badges 
or  tokens  of  Christian  men's  profession,  but  rather 


K 


they  be 
grace,  a 
he  dotl 
quicken 
in  him. 
Ther( 
Lord  in 
Supper 
.    Thos^ 
say,  Co 
Extrem 
ments  c 
of  the . 
states  0 
not  like 
Lord's 
sign  or 
The  I 
gazed  I 
duly  us 
ceive   i 
operati 
purcha 
saith. 

XXVI. 

I'' 

Altl 
mingh 


ARTICLES   OP   RELIGION. 


125 


they  be  certain  sure  witnesses,  and  effectual  signs  of 
grace,  and  God's  good  -will  towards  us,  by  the  which 
he  doth  work  invisibly  in  us,  and  doth  not  only 
quicken,  but  also  strengthen  and  confirm  our  Faith 
in  him.  ,  •    ,  <  -..i     -    .i  »v 

-  * 

There  are  two  Sacraments  ordained  of  Christ  our 
Lord  in  the  Gospel,  that  is  to  say,  Baptism,  and  the 
Supper  of  the  Lord.    •,(,     :  •:*  >  ;/(•  >  Vj  j  .1  r<^  ■■ 

Those  five  commonly  called  Sacraments,  that  is  to 
say.  Confirmation,  Penance,  Orders,  Matrimony,  and 
Extreme  Unction,  are  not  to  be '  counted  for  Sacra- 
ments of  the  Gospel,  being  such  as  have  grown  partly 
of  the  corrupt  following  of  the  Apostles,  partly  are 
states  of  life  allowed  in  the  Scriptures;  but  yet  have 
not  like  nature  of  Sacraments  with  Baptism,  and  the 
Lord's  Supper,  for  that  they  have  not  any  visible 
sign  or  ceremony  ordained  of  God.    ';,  "■  ■;.  v'  <V''*'B. 

The  Sacraments  were  not  ordained  of  Christ  to  be 
gazed  upon,  or  to  be  carried  about,  but  that  we  should 
duly  use  them.  And  in  such  only  as  worthily  re 
ceive  the  same,  they  have  a  wholesome  effect  01 
operation :  but  they  that  receive  them  unworthily, 
purchase  to  themselves  damnation,  as  Saint  Paul 
saith.   ,.     ,  .    .  .  > 


n 


XXVI.  Of  the  Unworthiness  of  the  Ministers,  which  hin- 
,    .  ders  not  the  effect  of  the  Sacraments, 


ti'/>^  ' 


V  ft:  »..iu>.u.' 


Although  in  the  visible  Church  the  evil  be  evei 
mingled  with  the  good,  and  sometimes  the  evil  have 

11* 


126 


ARTICLES    OP   RELIGION. 


chief  authority  in  the  Ministration  of  the  Word  and 
Sacraments,  yet  forasmuch  as  they  do  not  the  same 
in  tiieir  own  name,  but  in  Christ's,  and  do  minister 
by  his  commission  and  authority,  we  may  use  their 
Ministry,  both  in  hearing  the  Word  of  God,  and  in 
receiving  the  Sacraments.  Neither  is  the  effect  of 
Christ's  ordinance  taken  away  by  their  wickedness, 
nor  the  grace  of  God's  gifts  diminished  from  such  as 
by  faith  and  rightly  do  receive  the  Sacraments  min- 
istered unto  them ;  which  be  effectual,  because  of 
Christ's  institution  and  promise,  although  they  be 
ministered  by  evil  men.  •  "'"' 

Nevertheless,  it  appertaineth  to  the  discipline  of 
the  Church,  that  inquiry  be  made  of  evil  Ministers, 
and  that  they  be  accused  by  those  that  have  knowl- 
edge of  their  offences ;  and  finally  being  found 
guilty,  by  just  judgment  be  deposed. 

?'■■'".■  ■''        ■' 

V,  ,    M     *<  XXVII.  Of  Baptism,  / 

Baptism  is  not  only  a  sign  of  profession,  and  mark 
of  difference,  whereby  Christian  men  are  discerned 
from  others  that  be  not  christened,  but  it  is  also  a 
sign  of  Regeneration  or  new  Birth,  whereby,  as  by  an 
instrument,  they  that  receive  Baptism  rightly  are 
grafted  into  the  Church ;  the  promises  of  the  for- 
giveness of  sin,  and  of  our  adoption  to  be  the  sons  of 
God  by  the  Holy  Ghost,  are  visibly  signed  and  sealed  ; 
Faith  is  confirmed,  and  Grace  increased  by  virtue 
of  prayer  unto  God.    The  Baptism  of  young  Children 


is  m  an 

agreeal 

The 
love  th 
one  to 
Redem 
as  righ 
the  Br( 
of  Chri 
taking 
Trail 
of  Bre; 
not  be 
the  pla 
of  a  S 
supersi 
The 
the  Su 
ner. 
receive 
The 
Christ' 
or  wo 

XXIX 

Th( 
faith, 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


127 


is  in  any  wise  to  be  retained  in  the  Church,  as  most 
agreeable  with  the  institution  of  Christ.  '^    *■ 

XXYlll.  Of  tJie  Lord's  Supper. 

The  Supper  of  the  Lord  is  not  only  a  sign  of  the 
love  that  Christians  ought  to  have  among  themselves 
one  to  another  ;  but  rather  it  is  a  Sacrament  of  our 
Redemption  by  Christ's  death :  insomuch  that  to  such 
as  rightly,  worthily,  and  with  faith,  receive  the  same, 
the  Bread  which  we  break  is  a  partaking  of  the  Body 
of  Christ ;  and  likewise  the  Cup  of  Blessing  is  a  par- 
taking of  the  Blood  of  Christ. 

Transubstantiation  (or  the  change  of  the  substance 
of  Bread  and  Wine)  in  the  Supper  of  the  Lord,  can- 
not be  proved  by  holy  Writ;  but  is  repugnant  to 
the  plain  words  of  Scripture,  overthroweth  the  nature 
of  a  Sacrament,  and  hath  given  occasion  to  many 
superstitions. 

The  Body  of  Christ  is  given,  taken,  and  eaten,  in 
the  Supper,  only  after  an  heavenly  and  spiritual  man- 
ner. And  the  mean  whereby  the  Body  of  Christ  is 
received  and  eaten  in  the  Supper,  is  Faith.       .,,.,;•. 

The  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper  was  not  by 
Christ's  ordinance  reserved,  carried  about,  lifted  up, 
or  worshipped. 

XXIX.    Of  the   Wicked  which  cat  not  the  Body  of 
--,'■    :-,   Christ  in  the  use  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 

The  Wicked,  and  such  as  be  void  of  a  lively 
faith,  although  they  do  carnally  and  visibly  press 


128 


ARTICLES    OF    REUOIOV. 


with  their  teeth  (as  Saint  Aurfmthie  saith)  the  Sacra- 
ment of  the  Body  and  Blood  of  Christ,  yet  in  no 
wise  are  they  partal^ers  of  Christ:  but  rather,  to  their 
condemnation,  do  eat  and  drink  the  sign  or  Sacra- 
ment of  so  great  a  thing.  ^         V   v/  ? 


',ii>  •' 


*•!  Ui! 


XXX.  Of  both  Kinds. 

The  Cup  of  the  Lord  is  not  to  be  denied  to  the 
Lay-people  :  for  both  the  parts  of  the  Lord's  Sacra- 
ment, by  Christ's  ordinance  and  commandment, 
ought  to  be  mruistered  to  all  Christian  men  alike. 

XXXI.    Of  the  one    Oblation  of  CJirist  Jimshed  upon 

the  Cross, 

^  The  Offering  of  Christ  once  made  is  that  perfect 
redemption,  propitiation,  and  satisfaction,  for  all  the 
sins  of  the  whole  world,  both  original  and  actual ;  and 
there  is  none  other  satisfaction  for  sin,  but  that  alone. 
Wherefore  the  sacrifices  of  Masses,  in  the  which  it 
was  commonly  said,  that  the  Priest  did  offer  Christ 
for  the  quick  and  the  dead,  to  have  remission  of 
pain  or  guilt,  were  blasphemous  fables,  and  danger- 
ous deceits. 


.,  I'ij^ 


•li' 


,         XXXIL  Of  the  Marriaffe  of  Priests. 

Bishops,  Priests,  and  Deacons,  are  not  commanded 

by  God's  Law,  either  to  vow  the  estate  of  single  life, 

or  to  abstain  from  marriage:  therefore  it  is  lawful 

for  them,  as  for  all  other  Christian  men,  to  marry  at 


their  own 
serve  bctt 

XXXIIL 

That  1 
Church  is 
and  excoi 
multitud( 
can,  until 
received 
Ihority  tl 

x: 

It  is  n 
be  in  all 
they  hav 
ing  to  1 
manners 
Word. 
wilVmgV 
ditions  i 
repugnj 
approv 
openly, 
that  0 
Churcl 
and  w< 
Eve 


ARTICLKS    OF   RELIGION. 


129 


their  own  discretion,  as  they  shall  judge  the  same  to 
serve  better  to  godliness, 

XXXIII.  Of  excommunicate  Persons^  how  they  are  to  he 

avoided. 

That  person  which  by  open  denunciation  of  the 
Church  is  rightly  cut  off  from  the  unity  of  the  Church, 
and  excommunicated,  ought  to  be  taken  of  the  whole 
multitude  of  the  faithful,  as  an  Heathen  and  Publi- 
can, until  he  be  openly  reconciled  by  penance,  and 
received  into  the  Church  by  a  Judge  that  hath  au- 
thority thereunto. 

XXXIV,  Of  the  Traditions  of  the  Church, 

It  is  not  necessary  that  Traditions  and  Ceremonies 
be  in  all  places  one,  and  utterly  like ;  for  at  all  times 
they  have  been  divers,  and  may  be  changed  accord- 
ing to  the  diversity  of  countries,  times,  and  men's 
manners,  so  that  nothing  be  ordained  against  God's 
Word.  Whosoever  through  his  private  judgment, 
willingly  and  purposely,  doth  openly  break  the  Tra- 
ditions and  Ceremonies  of  the  Church,  which  be  not 
repugnant  to  the  Word  of  God,  and  be  ordained  and 
approved  by  common  authority,  ought  to  be  rebuked 
openly,  (that  others  may  fear  to  do  the  like,)  as  he 
that  offendeth  against  the  common  order  of  the 
Church,  and  hurteth  the  authority  of  the  Magistrate, 
and  woundeth  the  consciences  .of  tl^  weak  brethren. 

Every  particular  or  national  Church  hath  authority 


I'' 

-.4  |(.      I 
til  t 

!!! 


130 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


to  ordain,  change,  and  abolish,  ceremonies  or  rites 
of  the  Church  ordained  only  by  man's  authority,  so 
that  all  things  be  done  to  edifying. 

'      '  XXX\.  0/ the  Homilies. 

The  second  Book  of  Homilies,  the  several  titles 
whereof  we  have  joined  under  this  Article,  doth  con- 
tain a  godly  and  wholesome  Doctrine,  and  necessary 
for  these  times,  as  doth  the  former  Book  of  Homilies, 
which  were  set  forth  in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Sixth ; 
and  therefore  we  judge  them  to  be  read  in  Churches 
by  the  Ministers,  diligently  and  distinctly,  that  they 
may  be  understanded  of  the  people. 


Of  the  Names  of  the  Homilies. 


A 


W'i'i 


'*tf  Ji 


t 


I 


1.  Of  the  riff ht  Use  of  ike  Church.         •- 

2.  Against  peril  of  Idolatry.       '    f  .  '>«   ." 

3.  Of  repairing  and  keeping  clean  of  Churches, 
■'  4.   Of  good  Works :  first  of  Fasting. 
,  5.  Against  Gluttony  and  Drunkenness. 

6.  Against  Excess  of  Apparel. 

7.  Of  Prayer,  :  ^  ,.  ^      <        ^  ^ 

8.  Of  the  Place  and  Time  of  Prayer, 

9.  That  Common  Prayers  and  Sacraments  ought 
'  .•?    ■(   to  be  ministered  in  a  known  tongue. 

10.  Of  the  reverend  estimation  of  God^s  Word, 

11.  Of  Alms-doing.  ?'' 

12.  Of  the  Nativity  of  Christ, 

13.  Of  the  Pas^n  of  Christ. 

14.  Of  the  Resurrection  of  Christ,  vp^y}y 


15.  Of 

t 

16.  Of 

17.  Fot 

18.  Of 

19.  Of 

20.  Ag 

21.  Ag 

XXXV 

The  B 

Bishops, 

lately  set 

confirmed 

ment,  dot 

secration 

that  of  its 

fore  whoj 

to  the  R 

the  foren 

after  sha 

same  Hit 

and  lawf 


TheC 

Realm 
whom  t 
Realm, 


ARTICLES    O?   RKLTOTON. 


131 


3r  rites 
•ity,  so 


1  titles 
th  con- 
iossary 
)milies, 
Sixth ; 
lurches 
it  they 


ahes. 


.•••?^ 


ouffhi 


d. 


<'\ 


15.  Of  the  xoorthy  receiving  of  the  Sacrament  of 

the  Body  and  Blood  of  Christ, 

16.  Of  the  Gifts  of  the  Holy  Ghoit. 
11,  For  the  Rogation-days,        ,^.  - 

18.  Of  the  state  of  Matrimony,      ,>   ^  .      f-.^ 

19.  Of  Repentance,     „.  .  .; 

20.  Against  Idleness. 

21.  Against  Rebellion,  ,  ,      .-:••. 


XXXVI.  Of  Consecration  of  Bishops  and  Ministers. 

The  Book  of  Consecration  of  Archbishops  and 
Bishops,  and  Ordering  of  Priests  and  DeacoAs, 
lately  set  forth  in  the  time  of  Edward  the  S'xth,  and 
confirmed  at  the  same  time  by  authority  of  Parlia- 
ment, doth  contain  all  things  necessary  to  such  Con- 
secration and  Ordering  :  neither  hath  it  any  thing, 
that  of  itself  is  superstitious  and  ungodly.  And  there- 
fore whosoever  are  consecrated  or  ordered  according 
to  the  Kites  of  that  Book,  since  the  second  year  of 
the  forenamed  King  Edward  unto  this  time,  or  here- 
after shall  be  consecrated  or  ordered  according  to  the 
same  Rites ;  we  decree  all  such  to  be  rightly,  orderly, 
and  lawfully  consecrated  and  ordered. 

.  .■■■^,  ■  y-'-rr^r 

XXXVII.  Of  the  Civil  Magistrates, 

The  Queen's  Majesty  hath  the  chief  power  in  this 
Realm  of  England,  and  other  her  Dominions,  unto 
whom  the  chief  Government  of  all  Estates  of  this 
Realm,  whether  they  be  Ecclesiastical  or  Civil,  in  all 


132 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


causes  doth  appertain,  and  is  not,  nor  ought  to  be, 
subject  to  any  foreign  Jurisdiction.  " 

Where  we  attribute  to  the  Queen's  Majesty  the 
chief  government,  by  which  Titles  we  understand  the 
minds  of  some  slanderous  folks  to  be  offended ;  we 
give  not  to  our  Princes  the  ministering  either  of 
God's  Word,  or  of  the  Sacraments,  the  which  thing 
the  Injunctions  also  lately  set  forth  by  Elizabeth  our 
Queen  do  most  plainly  testify  ;  but  that  only  prerog- 
ative, which  we  see  to  have  been  given  always  to  all 
godly  Princes  in  holy  Scriptures  by  God  himself;  that 
is,  that  they  should  rule  all  estates  and  degrees  com- 
mitted to  their  charge  by  God,  whether  they  be  Eccle- 
siastical or  Temporal,  and  restrain  with  the  civil  sword 
the  stubborn  and  evildoers.  <  ^  -  ' 

The  Bishop  oi  Rome  hath  no  jurisdiction  in  this 
Realm  of  ^«^ /awe?. 

The  laws  of  the  Realm  may  punish  Christian  men 
with  death,  for  heinous  and  grievous  offences. 

It  is  lawful  for  Christian  men,  at  the  commandment 
of  the  Magistrate,  to  wear  weapons,  and  serve  in  the 

wars.         =.V.    -^/^.^^s':•      ■•■"    .        iv.,A-    .    ■:   :.    ■■'-:.^-,    '    -  "    ■„,      'j  , 


he  possess 
cording  to 


As  we 
bidden  CI 
James  his 
gion  doth 
when  the 
charity,  $ 
teaching, 


THISB 
and  allow€{ 
assent  anc 
the  Grace  > 
fender  of 
read,  and  c 
the  Archhi 
subscriptu 
Convocatii 


XXXVIII.   Of  Christian  mevUs  Goods,  which  are  not 
-»'<»-,        common,  ,  .■.  ■^-<-- 

The  Riches  and  Goods  of  Christians  are  not  com- 
mon, as  touching  the  right,  title,  and  possession  of 
the  same,  as  certain  Anabaptists  do  falsely  boast. 
Notwithstanding,  every  man  ought,  of  such  things  as 


ARTICLES   OF  RELIGION. 


133 


he  possesseth,  liberally  to  give  alms  to  the  poor,  ac- 
cording to  his  ability. 

XXXIX.  Of  a  Christian  man^s  Oath, 

As  we  confess  that  vain  and  rash  Swearing  is  for- 
bidden Christian  men  by  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and 
James  his  Apostle,  so  we  judge,  that  Christian  Reli- 
gion doth  not  prohibit,  but  that  a  man  may  swear 
when  the  Magistrate  requireth,  in  a  cause  of  faith  and 
charity,  so  it  be  done  according  to  the  Prophet's 
teaching,  in  justice,  judgment,  and  truth. 


i 


this 


THE  EATIFICATION. 

THIS  Book  of  Articles  before  rehearsed,  is  again  approved, 
and  allowed  to  be  holden  and  executed  within  the  Realm,  by  the 
assent  and  consent  of  our  Sovereign  Lady  ELIZABETH,  by 
the  Grace  of  God,  of  England,  France,  and  Ireland,  Queen,  De- 
fender of  the  Faith,  dbc.  Which  Articles  were  deliberately 
read,  and  confirmed  again  by  the  subscription  of  the  hands  of 
the  Archbishops  and  Bishops  of  the  Upper-house,  and  by  the 
subscription  of  the  whole  Clergy  of  the  Nether-house  in  their 
Convocation,  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  Itiill. 

12 


>,<! 
m 


^  M 


■-:,  r:^:.-f  >-■'•?  mc:i'f^Sf¥^i^\:^  tMC' 


'  f^i  -t   V ' 


I' 


!•',/< 


APPENDIX  11. 


••^'•"■'*''.^y.  ■ 


X  -^ 


ARTICLES   OF   EELIGION;         '         - 

AS  ESTABLISHED  BY  THE  BISHOPS,  THE  CLERGY,  AND  LATTY  OF  THE  PEOT- 
E8TANT    EPISCOPAL    CIllTUCn  IN    THE   UNITED  STATES  OP   AMERICA,   IN 

.  CONVENTION,  ON  THE  12TH  DAY  OP  SEPTEMBER,  IN  TUB  YEAS  OP  OUB 
LOiiD  180i. 

Art.  I.  Of  Faith  in  the  Holy  Trinity. 

There  is  but  one  living  and  true  God,  everlasting,  without  body, 
parts,  or  passions;  of  infinite  power,  wisdom,  and  goodness;  the 
Maker,  and  Preserver  of  all  things  both  visible  and  invisible.  And  in 
unity  of  this  Godhead  there  be  three  Persons,  of  one  substance,  power, 
and  eternity ;  the  Father,  the  Son,  and  the  Holy  Ghost. 

Art.  II.  Of  the  Word  or  Son  of  Ood,  which  was  made  very  Man. 

The  Son,  which  is  the  "Word  of  the  Father,  begotten  from  everlasting 
of  the  Father,  the  very  and  eternal  God,  and  of  one  substance  with  the 
Father,  took  Man's  nature  in  the  womb  of  the  blessed  Virgin,  of  her 
substance :  so  that  two  whole  and  perfect  Natures,  that  is  to  say,  the 
Godhead  and  Manhood,  were  joined  together  in  one  Person,  never  to 
be  divided,  whereof  is  one  Christ,  very  God,  and  very  Man ;  who  truly 
suffered,  was  crucified,  dead,  and  buried,  to  reconcile  his  Father  to  ua, 
and  to  be  a  sacrifice,  not  only  for  original  guilt,  but  also  for  actual  Bins 
of  men. 

Art.  III.  Of  the  going  down  of  Christ  into  Hell, 

As  Christ  died  for  us,  and  was  buried ;  so  also  is  it  to  be  believed, 
that  he  went  down  into  Hell. 


Art.  IV.  Of  the  Resurrection  of  Christ. 

Christ  did  truly  rise  again  from  death,  and  took  again  his  body,  with 
flesh,  bones,  and  all  things  appertaining  to  the  perfection  of  Man's 
nature ;  wherewith  he  ascended  into  Heaven,  and  there  sitteth,  until 
he  return  to  judge  all  Men  at  the  last  day. 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGIOK. 


135 


-  Art.  V.  0/the  Holy  Ohost.   . 

The  Holy  Ohost,  proceeding  from  the  Father  and  the  Son,  is  of  one 
substance,  mtyesty,  and  glory,  with  the  Father  and  the  Son,  very  and 
eternal  God. 


y«o. 


untU 


Art.  VI.  Of  the  Sufficiency  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  for  Salvation. 

Holy  Scripture  containeth  all  things  necessary  to  salvation:  so  that 
whatsoever  is  not  read  therein,  nor  may  be  proved  thereby,  is  not  to  be 
required  of  any  man,  that  it  should  be  believed  as  an  article  of  the 
Faith,  or  be  thought  requisite  or  necessary  to  salvation.  In  the  name 
of  the  Holy  Scripture  we  do  understand  those  canonical  Books  of  the 
Old  and  New  Testament,  of  whose  authority  was  never  any  doubt  in 
t        the  Church. 

Op  the  Names  asv  Number  of  the  Canonical  Books. 

Oenesisj  Exodus,  Leviticus,,  ^umbers^  Deuteronomy,  Joshua,  Judges, 
Ruth^  The  First  Book  of  Samuel^  The  Second  Book  of  Samuel,  The  I^rst 
Book  of  Kings,  The  Second  Book  of  Kings,  The  First  Book  of  Chronicles, 
The  Second  Book  of  Chronicles,  The  First  Book  of  Esdras,  The  Second 
Book  of  Esdras,  The  Book  of  Esther,  The  Book  of  Job,  The  Psalms, 
The  Proverbs,  Ecclcsiastes  or  Preacher,  Cantica,  or  Songs  of  Solomon, 
F'  ur  Prophets  the  greater,  Twelve  Prophets  the  less. 

And  the  other  Books  (as  Hierome  saith)  the  Church  doth  read  for 
example  of  life  and  instruction  of  manners ;  but  yet  doth  it  not  apply 
them  to  establish  any  doctrine ;  such  are  these  following : 

The  Third  Book  of  Esdras,  The  Fourth  Book  of  Esdras,  The  Book  of 
Tobias,  The  Book  of  Judith,  The  rest  of  the  Book  of  Esther,  The  Book 
of  Wisdom,  Jesus  the  Son  of  Sirach,  Baruch  the  Prophet,  The  Song  of 
the  Three  Children,  The  Story  of  Susanna,  Of  Bel  and  the  Dragon,  The 
Prayer  of  Manasses,  The  First  Book  of  Maccabees,  The  Second  Book  of 
Maccabees. 

All  the  Books  of  the  New  Testament,  as  they  are  commonly  received, 
we  do  receive,  and  account  them  Canonical. 


>./^,A 


Art.  VII.  Of  the  Old  Testament. 


''  The  Old  Testament  is  not  contrary  to  the  New :  for  both  in  the  Old 
and  New  Testament  everlasting  life  is  offered  to  Mankind  by  Christ, 
who  is  the  only  Mediator  between  God  and  Man,  being  both  God  and 
Man.  Wherefore  they  are  not  to  be  heard,  which  feign  that  the  old 
Fathers  did  look  only  for  transitory  promises.  Although  the  Law  given 
from  God  by  Moses,  as  touching  Ceremonies  and  Rites,  do  not  bind 
Christian  men,  nor  the  Civil  precepts  thereof  ought  of  necessity  to  be 
received  in  any  commonwealth ;  yet  notwithstanding,  no  Christian 
man  whatsoever  is  free  from  the  obedience  of  the  Commandments 
which  are  called  Moral. 

,  Art.  VIII.  Of  the  Creed. 

The  Kicene  Creed,  and  that  which  is  commonly  called  the  .ipostles* 
Creed,  ought  thoroughly  to  be  received  and  believed :  for  they  may  be 
proved  by  most  certain  warrants  of  Holy  Scripture. 


i 


136 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


Akt.  IX.  Of  Oriffinal  or  Birth-Sin. 

Original  Sin  stnndeth  not  in  the  following  of  .9dam.,  (as  the  Pelagiana 
do  vainly  tallc ;)  but  it  is  the  fault  and  corruption  of  (he  Nature  of  every 
man,  that  naturally  is  engendered  of  the  offspring  of  Jidam;  whereby 
man  is  very  far  gone  from  original  righteousness,  and  !s  of  his 
own  nature  inclined  to  evil,  so  that  the  flesh  lusteth  always  contrary  to 
the  Spirit ;  and  therefore  in  every  person  born  into  this  world,  it  de- 
serveth  God's  wrath  and  damnation.  And  this  infection  of  nature  doth 
remain,  yea  in  them  that  are  regenerated ;  whereby  the  lust  of  the 
flesh,  called  in  the  Greek,  <j>p6vjU7]a  aapKog,  (which  some  do  expound 
the  wisdom,  some  sensuality,  some  the  affection,  some  the  desire,  of  tho 
flesh,)  is  not  subject  to  the  Law  of  God.  And  although  there  is  no  con> 
demnation  for  them  that  believe  and  are  baptized,  yet  the  Apostle  doth 
confess,  that  coacupisceuce  and  lust  hath  of  itself  the  nature  of  sin. 

Art.  X.  Of  Free-  Will.  ^ 

The  condition  of  Man  after  the  fall  of  ^dam  is  such,  that  he  cannot 
turn  and  prepare  himself,  by  his  own  natural  strength  and  good  works, 
to  faith,  and  calling  upon  God.  Wherefore  we  have  no  power  to  do 
good  works  pleasant  and  acceptable  to  God,  without  the  grace  of  God 
by  Christ  preventing  us,  that  we  may  have  a  good  will,  and  working 
with  us,  when  we  have  that  good  will. 


Ant.  "XX.  Of  the  Justification  of  Man.  .^.-v,^^'- 

We  are  accounted  righteous  before  God,  only  for  the  merit  of  our 
Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ  by  Faith,  and  not  for  our  own  works  or 
deservings.  Wlierefore,  that  we  are  justified  by  Faith  only,  is  a  most 
wholesome  Doctrine,  and  very  full  of  comfort,  as  more  largely  is 
expressed  in  the  Homily  of  Justification. 

Art.  Xn.  Of  Good  Works. 

Albeit  that  Good  Works,  which  are  the  fruits  of  Faith,  and  follow 
after  Justification,  cannot  put  away  our  sins,  and  endure  the  severity  of 
God's  judgment ;  yet  are  they  pleasing  and  acceptable  to  God  in  Christ, 
and  do  spring  out  necessarily  of  a  true  and  lively  Faith  ;  insomuch  that 
by  them  a  lively  Faith  may  be  as  evidently  known  as  a  tree  discerned 
by  the  fruit. 

Art.  XIIL  Of  Works  before  Justification. 

Works  done  before  the  grace  of  Christ,  and  the  Tnspirntion  of  his 
Spirit,  are  not  pleasnnt  to  God,  forasmuch  as  they  spring  not  of  faith 
in  Jesus  Christ ;  neither  do  they  make  men  meet  to  receive  grace,  or 
(as  the  School-atithora  say)  deserve  grace  of  congruity :  yea  rather,  for 
that  they  are  not  done  as  God  hath  willed  and  commanded  them  to  be 
done,  we  doubt  not  but  they  have  the  nature  of  sin. 


Art.  XIV.  Of  Works  of  Supererogation. 

Voluntary  Works  besides,  over  and  above,  God's  Commandments, 
which  they  call  Works  of  Supererogation,  cannot  be  taught  without 


ARTICLES   OF   RELIGION. 


137 


i'l 


arrogancy  and  impiety:  for  by  them  men  do  declare,  that  they  do  not 
only  render  unto  God  as  much  as  they  are  bound  to  do,  but  that 
they  do  more  for  his  sal^e,  than  of  bounden  duty  is  required :  whereas 
Christ  saith  plainly,  When  ye  have  done  all  that  are  commanded  to 
you,  say.  We  are  unprofitable  servants. 


v\ 


Art.  XV.  Of  Christ  alone  without  Sin. 

Christ  in  the  truth  of  Our  nature  was  made  Wka  unto  us  in  all  things^ 
Bin  only  except,  from  which  he  was  clearly  void,  both  in  his  flesh,  and 
in  his  spirit.  He  came  to  be  the  Lamb  without  spot,  who,  by  sacrifice 
of  himself  once  made,  should  take  away  the  sins  of  the  world,  and  sin 
(as  Saint  John  saith)  was  not  in  him.  But  all  we  the  rest,  although 
baptized,  and  born  a^ain  in  Christ,  yet  offend  in  many  thinjrs  ;  and  if 
we  say  we  have  no  sin,  we  deceive  ourselves,  and  the  truth  is  not  in  us. 


m 


Abt.  XVI.  Of  Sin  after  Baptism.  ;, 

Not  every  deadly  sin  willingly  committed  after  Baptism  is  sin  against 
the  Holy  Ghost,  and  unpardonable.  Wherefore  the  irrant  of  repentance 
is  not  to  be  denied  to  such  as  fall  into  sin  after  Baptism.  After  we 
have  received  the  Holy  Ghost,  we  may  depart  from  grace  given,  and 
fall  into  sin,  and  by  the  grace  of  God  we  may  arise  again,  and  amend 
our  lives.  Ami  therefore  they  are  to  be  condemned,  which  say,  they 
can  no  more  sin  as  long  as  they  live  here,  or  deny  the  place  of  forgive- 
ness to  such  as  truly  repent. 


for 


J^  Art.  XVII.  Of  Predestination  and  Election. 

Predestination  to  Life  is  the  everlasting  purpose  of  God,  whereby 
(before  the  foundations  of  the  world  were  laid)  he  hath  constantly 
decreed  by  his  counsel  secret  to  us,  to  deliver  from  curse  and  damna- 
tion those  whom  he  hath  chosen  in  Christ  out  of  mankind,  and  to  bring 
them  by  Christ  to  everlasting  salvation,  as  vessels  made  to  honour. 
Wherefore,  they  which  be  endu6d  with  so  excellent  a  benefit  of  God, 
be  called  according  to  God's  purpose  by  hia  Spirit  working  in  due 
season  :  they  through  grace  obey  the  calling :  they  be  justified  freely : 
they  be  made  sons  of  God  by  adoption:  they  be  made  like  the  image 
of  his  only-besotten  Son  Jesus  Christ:  they  walk  religiously  in  good 
works,  and  at  length,  by  God's  mercy,  they  attain  to  everlasting 
felicity. 

As  the  godly  consideration  of  Predestination,  and  our  Election  in 
Christ,  is  full  of  sweet,  pleasant,  and  unspeakable  comfort  to  godly 
persons,  and  such  as  feel  in  themselves  the  working  of  the  Spirit  of 
Christ,  mortifying  the  works  of  the  flesh,  and  their  earthly  members, 
an3  drawing  up  their  mind  to  high  and  heavenly  things,  as  well  because 
it  doth  greatly  establish  and  confirm  their  faith  of  eternal  Salvation  to 
be  enjoyed  through  Christ,  as  because  it  doth  fervently  kindle  their 
love  towards  God:  So,  for  curious  and  carnal  persons,  lacking  the 
Spirit  of  Christ,  to  have  continually  before  their  eyes  the  sentence  of 
God's  Predestination,  is  a  most  dangerous  downfall,  whereby  the  Devil 
doth  thrust  them  either  into  desperation,  or  into  wretchlessnesa  of 
most  unclean  living,  no  less  perilous  than  desperation.  ,.  ^.^ ,,   ^ 

12* 


138 


ARTICLES    OP  RELIGION. 


Purthermorp,  wo  muRt  receive  God'a  promises  in  such  wise,  as  thoy 
be  ^^eneriilly  set  forth  to  us  in  Holy  Scripture :  nnd,  in  our  doings, 
that  Wl!i  of  God  ia  to  be  followed,  which  we  have  expressly  declared 
unto  ue  in  the  Word  of  God. 


Akt.  XVIII.  Of  obtaining  eternal  Salvation  only  by  the  J^ame  of  Christ, 

They  also  are  to  be  had  accursed  thai  presume  to  say,  That  every 
man  shall  be  saved  by  the  I^aw  or  Poet  which  he  professeth,  so  that  he 
be  diligent  to  frame  his  life  acco.ding  to  that  Law,  and  the  light  of 
Nature.  For  Holy  Scripture  doth  set  out  unto  us  only  the  Name  of 
Jesus  Christ,  whereby  men  must  be  saved. 


:l-  > 


Art.  XIX.  Of  the  Church 


.'  \  ■ 


The  visible  Church  of  Christ  is  a  congrecration  of  faithful  men,  in  the 
which  the  pure  Word  of  God  is  preached,  and  the  Sacraments  be  duly 
ministered  according  to  Christ's  ordinance,  in  all  those  things  that  of 
necessity  are  requisite  to  the  same. 

As  the  Church  of  Jervmlem^  JHcrandria^  and  Jintioeh^  have  erred ;  80 
also  the  Church  of  Rome  hath  erred,  not  only  in  their  living  and  man- 
ner of  Ceremonies,  but  also  in  matters  of  Faith. 


Art.  XX.  Of  the  Authority  of  the  Church. 


-  '■■*!. 


The  Church  hath  power  to  decree  Rites  or  Ceremonies,  and  authority 
in  Controversies  of  Faith  :  and  yet  it  is  not  lawful  for  the  Church  to 
ordain  any  thing  that  is  contrary  to  God's  Word  written,  neither  may  it 
so  expound  one  place  of  Scripture,  that  it  be  repugnant  to  another. 
Wherefore,  although  the  Church  be  a  witness  and  a  keeper  of  Holy 
Writ,  yet,  as  it  ought  not  to  decree  any  thing  tTgainst  the  same,  so 
besides  the  name  ought  it  not  to  enforce  any  thing  to  be  believed  for 
necessity  of  Salvation. 


Art.  XXI.  Of  the  Authority  of  General  Councils* 


Art.  XXII.  Of  Purgatory. 


ix. 


The  Romish  Doctrine  concerning  Purgatory,  Pardons,  Worshipping 
and  Adoration,  as  well  of  Images  as  of  Relics,  and  also  Invocation  of 
Saints,  is  a  fond  thing,  vainly  invented,  and  grounded  upon  no  war- 
ranty of  Scripture,  but  rather  repugnant  to  the  Word  of  God. 

■:  Art.  XXIII.  Of  Ministering  in  the  Congregation, 

It  is  not  lawful  for  any  man  to  take  upon  him  the  office  of  public 

E reaching,  or  Ministering  the  Sacraments  in  the  Congregation,  before 
e  be  lawfully  called,  and  sent  to  execute  the  same.    And  those  we 

*  The  Twenty-first  of  tlifi  former  Art'cles  is  omitted  ;  becmise  it  is  partly  of  a  local  and 
civil  nature,  and  is  provided  for,  aa  to  the  remaining  parts  of  it,  in  other  Articles. 


ought  to  ju( 
this  work  b 
Congregatlt 

Art.  XXn 

It  is  a  th 
of  the  Prii 
minister  th 


Sacrame 
Christian 
and  etfectu 
which  he 
also  strong 

There  ar 
that  is  to  s 

Those  ft> 
Penance,  ' 
counted  fo 
of  tljo  con 
in  the  Scri 
tism,  and 
ceromony 

The  Sad 
be  carried 
as  woi'thil 
tion :  but 
damnalio 

Art.  XX 

Althou! 

good, anc 

of  the  W( 

their  owr 

authority 

God,  and 

ordinanc 

diminish 

ministen 

tion  and 

Never! 

inquiry  1 

that  hav 

by  just  j 


Baptii 
whereb; 


ARTICLES    OP    RELIGION. 


139 


as  thoy 
doingB. 
eclared 


oxight  to  judge  lawfully  called  and  sent,  which  be  chosen  and  called  to 
this  work  by  men  who  have  public  authority  givun  unto  them  in  the 
Congregation,  to  call  and  send  Minislera  into  the  Lord^s  vineyard. 


ChrisU 

every 

hat  he 

tght  of 

une  of 


so 


<*. 


Abt.  XXIV.  Of  Speaking  in  the  Congrrgation  in  such  a  Tongue  as  the 

people  understandeth. 

It  is  a  thing  plainly  repugnant  to  the  Word  of  God,  and  the  custom 
of  the  Primitive  Church,  to  have  public  Prayer  in  the  Church,  or  to 
minister  the  Sacraments,  in  a  tongue  not  understanded  of  the  people. 

'     -      ,  ^-        Aet.  XXV.  Of  the  Sacraments.    •, 

Sacraments  ordained  of  Christ  be  not  only  badges  or  tokens  of 
Christian  men^s  professio.i,  but  rather  they  be  certain  sure  witnesses, 
and  effectual  signs  of  grace,  and  God's  good  will  towards  us,  by  the 
which  he  doth  work  invisibly  in  us,  and  doth  not  only  quicken,  but 
also  strengthen  and  confirm  our  Faith  in  him. 

There  are  two  Sacraments  ordained  of  Christ  our  Lord  in  the  Gospel, 
that  is  to  say,  Baptism,  and  the  Supper  of  our  Lord. 

Those  five  commonly  called  Sacraments,  that  is  to  say.  Confirmation, 
Penance,  Orders,  Matrimony,  and  Extreme  Unction,  are  not  to  be 
counted  for  Sacraments  of  the  Gospel,  being  such  as  have  grown  partly 
of  the  corrupt  following  of  the  Apostles,  partly  are  states  of  life  allowed 
in  the  Scripture;  but  yet  have  not  like  nature  of  Sacraments  with  Bap- 
tism, and  the  Lord's  Supper,  for  that  they  have  not  any  visible  sign  or 
ceremony  ordained  of  God. 

The  Sacraments  were  not  ordained  of  Christ  to  be  gazed  upon,  or  to 
be  carried  about,  but  that  we  should  duly  use  them.  And  in  such  only 
as  worthily  receive  the  same,  they  have  a  wholesome  effect  or  opera- 
tion :  but  they  that  receive  them  unworthily,  purchase  to  themselves 
damnation,  as  Saint  Paul  saith. 

Art.  XXVI.  Of  the  Unworthiness  of  the  Jllinisters,  which  hinders  not 
the  effect  of  the  Sacraments.  - 

Although  in  the  visible  Church  the  evil  be  ever  mingled  with  the 
good,  and  sometimes  the  evil  have  chief  authority  in  the  Ministration 
of  the  Word  and  Sacraments,  yet  forasmuch  as  they  do  not  the  same  in 
their  own  name,  but  in  Christ's,  and  do  minister  by  his  commission  and 
authority,  we  may  use  their  Ministry,  both  in  hearing  the  "Word  of 
God,  and  in  receiving  the  Sacraments.  Neither  is  the  effect  of  Christ's 
ordinance  taken  away  by  their  wickedness,  nor  the  grace  of  God's  gifts 
diminished  from  such  as  by  faith,  and  rightly,  do  receive  the  Sacraments 
ministered  unto  them;  which  be  effectual,  because  of  Christ's  institu- 
tion and  promise,  although  they  be  ministered  by  evil  men. 

Nevertheless,  it  appertaineth  to  the  discipline  of  the  Church,  that 
inquiry  be  made  of  evil  Ministers,  and  that  they  be  accused  by  those 
that  have  knowledge  of  their  offences  ;  and  finally,  being  found  guilty, 
by  just  judgment  be  deposed. 

Art.  XXVII.  Of  Baptism. 

Baptism  is  not  only  a  sign  of  pr(»fession,  and  mark  of  difference, 
whereby  Christian  men  are  discerned  from  others  that  be  not  christeued. 


140 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


but  it  is  also  a  sign  of  ReReneration  or  Now-Birth,  whereby,  as  by  an 
instrument,  they  that  receive  liaptism  rightly  are  graced  into  the 
Church  ;  the  promises  of  the  forgiveness  of  sin,  and  of  our  adoption  to 
bo  the  sons  of  God  by  the  Holy  Ghost,  are  visibly  signed  and  sealed; 
Faith  is  confirmed,  and  Grace  increased  by  virtue  of  prayer  unto  God. 
The  Baptism  of  young  children  is  in  any  wise  to  be  retained  in  the 
Church,  as  moat  agreeable  with  the  institution  of  Christ. 

Art.  XXVIFL  Of  the  LortCs  Supper, 

The  Supper  of  the  Lord  is  not  only  a  sign  of  the  love  that  Christians 
ought  to  have  among  themselves  one  to  another ;  but  rather  it  is  a 
Sacrament  of  our  Redemption  by  Christ^s  death  :  insomuch  that  to  such 
as  rightly,  worthily,  and  with  faith,  receive  the  same,  the  Bread  which 
we  break  is  a  partaking  of  the  Iktdy  of  Christ ;  and  likewise  the  Cup  of 
Blessing  is  a  partaking  of  the  Blood  of  Christ. 

Transubstantiution  (or  the  change  of  the  substance  of  Bread  and 
Wine)  in  the  Supper  of  the  Lord,  cannot  be  proved  by  Holy  Writ ;  but 
is  repugnant  to  the  plain  words  of  Scripture,  overthrowetli  the  nature 
of  a  Sacrament,  and  hath  given  occasion  to  many  superstitions. 

The  Body  of  Christ  is  given,  taken,  and  eaten,  in  the  Supper,  only 
after  an  heavenly  and  spiritual  manner.  And  the  mean  whereby  the 
Body  of  Christ  is  received  and  eaten  in  the  Supper,  is  Faith. 

The  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper  was  not  by  Christ's  ordinance 
reserved,  carried  about,  lifted  up,  or  worshipped. 

"' t^'  :''/'.  .'  .''",.       ■'■'-*.•''•  '     '         •  ■'  .  .         \  ,1 

I.  .'.,■■  o  .,,■">>■  1 .     ,     ;■•   .'g -^,'* 

Art.  XXIX.  Of  the  Wicked  which  eat  not  the  Body  of  Christ  in  the  use 

of  the  Lord''s  Supper. 

The  Wicked,  and  such  as  be  void  of  a  lively  faith,  although  they  do 
carnally  and  visibly  press  with  their  teeth  (as  Saint  Jiugustive  saith) 
the  Sacrament  of  the  Body  and  Blood  of  Christ,  yet  in  no  wise  are  they 
partakers  of  Christ :  but  rather,  to  their  condemnation,  do  eat  and 
drink  the  sign  or  Sacrament  of  so  great  a  thing. 

Art.  XXX.  Of  both  Kinds. 

The  Cup  of  the  Lord  is  not  to  be  denied  to  the  Lay-people :  for  both 
the  parts  of  the  Lord's  Sacrament,  by  Christ's  ordinance  and  command- 
ment, ought  to  be  ministered  to  all  Christian  men  alike. 

Art.  XXXL  Of  the  one  Oblation  of  Christ  finished  upon  the  Cross. 

The  Offering  of  Christ  once  made  is  that  perfect  redemption,  pro- 
pitiation,  and  satisfaction,  for  all  the  sins  of  the  whole  world,  both 
original  and  actual ;  and  there  is  none  other  satisfaction  for  sin,  but 
that  alone.  Wherefore  the  sacrifices  of  Masses,  in  the  which  it  was 
commonly  said,  that  the  Priest  did  offer  Christ  for  the  quick  and  the 
dead,  to  have  remission  of  pain  or  guilt,  were  blasphemous  fables,  and 
dangerous  deceits.  , ->    1 1 -- .v   .  i. 

Art.  XXXII.  Of  the  Marriage  of  Priests. 
Bishops,  Priests,  and  Deacons,  ai;;^  not  commanded  by  God's  LaWf 


either  to  v( 
therefore  It 
at  their  owi 
godliness. 

Art.  XX 

That  pers 
off  from  th 
taken  of  th( 
llcan,  until 
Church  by 


It  is  not  1 

one,  or  utt< 

changed  ac 

ners,  so  thJ 

through  hi 

break  the 

repugnant 

mon  autho 

the  like,)  i 

and  hurlel 

sciences  of 

Every  pj 

and  abolis 

authority,  i 


The  Sec 
joined  un 
trine,  and 
ilies,  whi( 
fore  wo  jv 
and  distir 


1.  Of 

2.  Jg' 

3.  Of 

4.  Of 

5.  ^g 

6.  .^g 

7.  Of 

8.  Of 

9.  Th 

10.  OJ 
U.  Oj 

12.  Oj 

13.  0, 


18  by  an 
nto  the 
ption  to 
sealed ; 
o  God. 
d  in  the 


ARTICLES   OF   RELIGION. 


141 


either  to  vow  the  estate  of  single  life,  or  to  abstain  from  marriage : 
thererore  it  is  lawful  for  them,  as  fur  all  other  Christian  men,  to  marry 
at  their  own  discretion,  as  they  shall  Judge  the  same  to  serve  better  to 
godliness. 

Art.  XXXIIl.  Of  excommunicate  Persons,  how  they  are  to  be  avoided. 

That  person  which  by  open  denunciation  of  the  Church  is  rightly  cat 
off  from  the  unity  of  the  Church,  and  excommunicated,  ought  to  be 
taken  of  the  whole  multitude  of  the  faithful,  as  an  Heathen  and  Pub- 
lican, until  he  be  openly  reconciled  by  penance,  and  received  into  the 
Church  by  a  Judge  that  hath  authority  thereunto. 


Art.  XXXIV.  Of  the  Traditions  of  the  Church, 

It  is  not  necessary  that  Traditions  and  Ceremonies  be  in  all  places 
one,  or  utterly  lilce ;  for  at  all  limes  they  have  been  divers,  and  may  be 
changed  according  to  the  diversity  of  countries,  times,  and  men's  man- 
ners,  so  that  nothing  be  ordained  against  God's  Word.  Whosoever, 
through  his  private  judgment,  willingly  and  purposely,  doth  openly 
break  the  Traditions  and  Ceremonies  of  the  Church,  which  be  not 
repugnant  to  the  Word  of  God,  and  be  ordained  and  approved  by  com- 
mon authority,  ought  to  be  rebuked  openly,  (that  others  may  fear  to  do 
the  like,)  as  he  that  offendeth  aierainst  the  common  order  of  the  Church, 
and  hurtcth  the  authority  of  the  Magistrate,  and  woundeth  the  con- 
sciences of  the  weak  brethren. 

Every  particular  or  national  Church  hath  authority  to  ordain,  change, 
and  abolish,  ceremonies  or  rites  of  the  Church  ordained  only  by  man's 
authority,  so  that  all  things  be  done  to  edifying. 


A-.: 


jJ 


Art.  XXXV.  Of  the  Homilies. 

The  Second  Book  of  Homilies,  the  several  titles  whereof  we  have 
joined  under  this  Article,  doth  contain  a  godly  and  wholesome  Doc- 
trine, and  necessary  for  these  times,  as  doth  the  former  Book  of  Hom- 
ilies, which  were  set  forth  in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Sixth,  and  there- 
fore we  judge  them  to  be  read  in  Churches  by  the  Ministers,  diligently 
and  distinctly,  that  they  may  be  understanded  of  the  people. 

Op  the  Names  of  the  Homilies. 

1.  Oftheriffht  Use  of  the  Church.  -'       '    :  \  ^   ' 

3.  Agaiast  Peril  of  Idolatry. 

3.  Of  repairing  and  keeping  clean  of  Churches, 

4.  Of  good  Works  :  first  of  Fasting. 

5.  .^gainst  Gluttony  and  Drunkenness.  '''  , 
f&.  .^gainst  Excess  of  Apparel,                      ■'-■'        •"   ''        •*•!*'-;■,) 

7.  Of  Prayer.  i         ;    '" 

8.  Of  the  Place  and  Time  of  Prayer.      '  -'.■•-^-    '"-'.. 

9.  That  Common  Prayers  and  Sacraments  ought  to  be  ministered  ttt  fl 

known  tongue. 

10.  Of  the  reverend  Estimation  of  God's  Word, 

11.  Of  Alms-doing. 

12.  Of  the  J^ativity  of  Christ, 

13.  Of  the  Passion  of  Christ, 


142 


ARTICLES   OF    RELIGION. 


14.  Of  the  Resurrection  of  Chritt. 

15.  Of  the  worthy  receiving  of  the  Sacrament  of  the  Body  and  Blood  of 

Christ. 

16.  Of  the  Gifts  of  the  Holy  Ohoat. 

n.  For  the  Rogation-day g.  -*' 

18.  Of  the  State  of  Matrimony, 

19.  Of  Repentance.  iyhw  ■^'*^•     V"  v  f    .  ,;^(^ 

20.  .^gainst  Idleness.  „     ,       , 

21.  Against  Rebellion.  '  '    "' 

[This  Article  is  received  in  this  Church,  so  far  as  it  declares  the 
Books  of  Homilies  to  be  an  explication  of  Christian  Doctrine,  and 
Instructive  in  piety  and  morals.  But  all  references  to  the  constitution 
and  laws  of  En&rlund  are  considered  as  inapplicable  to  the  circum- 
stances of  this  Church ;  which  also  suspends  the  order  for  the  reading 
of  said  Homilies  in  churches,  until  a  revision  of  them  may  be  con- 
veniently  made,  for  the  cicarino:  of  them,  as  well  from  obsolete  words 
and  phrases,  as  from  the  local  references.] 

Art.  XXXVI.  Of  Consecration  of  Bishops  and  Ministers, 

The  Book  of  Consecration  of  Bishops,  and  Ordering  of  Priests  and 
Deacons.  0'^  set  forth  by  the  General  Convention  of  this  Church  in  1792, 
doth  contniii  nil  thinqrs  necessary  for  such  Consecration  and  Ordering; 
neither  hnth  it  any  thing  that,  of  itself,  is  superstitious  and  ungodly. 
And,  therefore,  whosoever  are  consecrated  or  ordered  according  to 
said  Form,  we  decree  all  such  to  be  rightly,  orderly,  and  lawfully  con- 
secrated and  ordered. 

Art.  XXXVII.  Of  the  Power  of  the  Civil  Magistrates. 

The  Power  of  the  Civil  Mnafistrate  extendeth  to  all  men,  as  well 
Clergy  as  Lnity,  in  all  things  temporal ;  but  hath  no  authority  in  things 
purely  spirituiil.  And  we  hold  it  to  be  the  duty  of  all  men  who  are 
professors  of  tlie  Cospel,  to  pay  respectful  obedience  to  the  Civil  An- 
thorities,  regularly  and  legitimately  constituted. 

'    Art.  XXXVIir.  Of  Christian  Men's  Ooods^  which  are  not  common. 

The  Riches  and  Goods  of  Christians  are  not  common,  as  touching 
the  right,  title,  and  possession  of  the  same,  as  certain  Anabaptists  do 
falsely  boast.  Notwithstanding,  every  man  ought,  of  such  things  as  he 
posscsaeth,  liberally  to  give  alms  to  the  poor,  according  to  his  ability. 

Art.  XXXIX.  Of  a  Christian  Man's  Oath. 

As  we  confess  that  vain  and  rash  Swearing  is  forbidden  Cbristiau 
men  by  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  James  his  Apostle,  so  we  judge, 
that  Christian  Religion  doth  not  prohibit,  but  that  a  man  may  swear 
when  the  Magistrate  requireth,  in  a  cause  of  faith  and  charity,  so  it  be 
done  according  to  the  Prophet^s  teaching,  in  justice,  judgment,  and 
truth. 


-'^^^^'iVri 


.?:.'  V-'*.i<u'?--V'. 


t. 


: 


t'.'       '. 


